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Pulmonary Embolism

Terms

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Kohn or canals of Lambert
ventilation that occurs through holes in alveolar walls
nasal cavity
conducts gases to and from lungs and filters, warms and humidifies air
respiratory center
medulla oblongata and pons
surfactant
a phospholipid produced by type II alveolar cells and LOWERS surface tension and facilitates gas exchange
hyperventilation
is an increase in the amount of air entering the alveoli leading to hypocapnia (Pa<35mmHg)
Primary function of lungs
gas exchange takes (takes place at the alveolar - capilary membranes
cough reflex
produced when the epiglottis and vocal cords closetightly against air entrapped in the lungs
thrombotic
blood clot develop in venous system
distention
allows for widening of capillary vessels
acute respiratory failure
a staet of disturbed gas exchange resulting in abnormal aterial blood gas
cilia
sweeps foreign particles trapped in mucus
fluic balance
regulated by the hydrostatic pressure, colloid osmotic pressure, and capillary permeability
hypocarbi
low CO2
Recuitment
allows opening of previously closed capillary vessels
hypercarbia
CO2 accumulation
pulmonary emoblism
undissolved detached material that occlues blood vessels of pulmonary vascular system
emboli
once released into the venous, a thrombi is referred to as _________ and travels towards the heart and lungs
virchow's triad
risk factors of PE; sluggish blood flow, hypercoagulbility, and trauma to blood vessels
hypoxia
low O2 in tissue
hypoventilation
occurs when delivery of air to the alveoli is insufficient to meet the need to provide O2 and remove CO2
hypoxemia
low O2 in arterial blood
mobilization of secretions
what is the importance of maintenance of water content and fluid balance
pulmonary circulation
part of the blood circulation which carries oxygen depleted blood AWAY from the heart --> lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart
Recuitment and distention
what are two mechanisms fior lowering pulmonary vascular resistance in capillary vessels
alveolar edema
more serious because it has negative effects on gas exchange
fat emboli
caused by bone fracture

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