Human Body Systems - Complete
Terms
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- Arteries
- Major pathways that take blood away from the heart.
- Spongy Bone
- Type of bone that is light and has pores found near joints
- Chyme
- a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach into the small intestine
- Atria
- Upper chambers of your heart.
- Olfactory Cell
- Nasal nerve cell that becomes stimulated by molecules in the air and sends impulses to the brain for interpretation of odors.
- Fat
- an energy-storage nutrient that helps the body store some vitamins.
- Depressant
- a drug that reduces excitability and calms a person
- Antibody
- A substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body.
- Skeletal Muscle
- a muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton
- Platelet
- Cell fragments in your blood responsible for clotting.
- Ligament
- a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs
- Veins
- Major pathways that take blood towards the heart.
- Cartilage
- A tough, elastic tissue that usually covers ends of bones.
- Red Blood Cells
- Cells that are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body.
- Plasma
- Medium by which Red and White blood cells are transported.
- Rh Factor
- Antigen found in red blood cells; used in blood typing.
- Pulmonary Circulation
- Flow of blood to the lungs
- Systemic Circulation
- Flow of blood to parts of the body other than the heart and lungs.
- Brain Stem
- the part of the brain that lies between the cerebellum and spinal cord that controls the body's involuntary actions
- Carbohydrate
- main source of energy for all living things
- Small Intestine
- a coiled tube, about twenty feet long, where most of the digestive process takes place
- Stimuli
- information in the environment that activates the nerves in a sense organ
- Cerebrum
- Largest part of the brain. Controls all voluntary activities; receives and interprets sensory information.
- Neuron
- a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses
- Mineral
- a class of nutrients that are chemical elements that are needed for certain body processes
- Movable Joints
- joint that allows range of movement
- Peripheral Nervous System
- all of the parts of the nervous system except the brain and the spinal cord.
- Hemoglobin
- Chemical in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen.
- Antigen
- Any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies.
- Taste Bud
- Major sensory receptor on the tongue; contains taste hairs that send impulses to the brain for interpretation of tastes.
- Cardiac Muscle
- the muscle tissue of the heart
- Protein
- a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body.
- Homeostasis
- the maintenance of a steady internal state (the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level)
- Joint
- the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton.
- Coronary Circulation
- Flow of blood to the heart.
- Food Group
- food that contain the same or similar nutrients
- Compact Bone
- The dense, hard layer of bone tissue
- Cerebellum
- Small section of the brain. Controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement.
- Dendrite
- short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron
- Voluntary Muscle
- skeletal muscles, striated muscle that can be controlled voluntarily
- Large Intestine
- where water is removed before eliminating waste
- Cochlea
- a coiled tube that is found in the inner ear and that is essential to hearing
- Smooth Muscle
- a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)
- Stimulant
- a drug that speeds up the nervous system
- Hypertension
- Condition in which blood pressure is high.
- Synapse
- the gap between neurons
- Tendon
- a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bone
- Skeletal System
- the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal
- Villi
- tiny, finger-like structures that protrude from the wall of the intestine
- Involuntary Muscle
- a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)
- Nutrient
- a substance in food that provides energy or helps form body tissues and that is necessary for life and growth.
- Chemical Digestion
- occurs when chemical reactions that break down large molecules of food into smaller ones
- Immovable Joints
- joint that allows little or no movement
- Digestion
- the organic process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed into the body
- Reflex
- A relatively simple, involuntary response to a stimulus.
- Vitamin
- organic substance that is essential on tiny amounts to the nutrition of most animals
- Peristalsis
- muscular contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach
- Axon
- long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron
- Ventricles
- Lower chambers of your heart.
- Mechanical Digestion
- Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to break down food
- Atherosclerosis
- Condition in which fat deposits build up in veins and arteries.
- Amino Acid
- The building blocks of proteins
- Enzyme
- protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
- Muscle
- tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body
- Retina
- the light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball
- Capillaries
- Small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins.
- Bile
- yellowish-brown or green fluid produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and secreted into the small intestine.
- Stomach
- An organ of the digestive system that stores food and performs early steps of digestion.
- Periosteum
- a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles
- Central Nervous System
- the brain and the spinal cord.