Ch 15. The Nature of Language
Terms
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- Free Morpheme
- morphemes that can occur unattached in a language
- Kinesics
- a system of notating and analyzing postures, facial expressions, and body movements that convey messages
- Displacement
- the ability to refer to things and events removed in time and space
- Vocal Characterizers
- in paralanguage, sound productions such as laughing or crying that humans "speak through"
- Sociolinguistics
- the study of the structure and use of language as it relates to its social setting
- Glottochronology
- in linguistics, a method of dating divergence in branches of language families
- Language Family
- a group of languages that are ultimately descended from a single ancestral language
- Vocal Segregates
- in paralanguage, sound productions that are similar to the sounds of language, but do not appear in sequences that can properly be called words
- Vocal Qualifiers
- in paralanguage, sound productions of brief duration that modify utterances in terms of intensity
- Code Switching
- the process of changing from one level of language to another
- Grammar
- the entire formal structure of a language consisting of all observations about the morphemes and syntax
- Voice Qualities
- in para language, the background characteristics of a speaker's voice
- Linguistic divergence
- the development of different languages from a single ancestral language
- Syntax
- in linguistics, the rules or principles of phrase and sentence making
- Linguistics
- the modern scientific study of all aspects of language
- Core Vocabulary
- in language, pronouns, lower numerals, and names for body parts and natural objects
- Paralanguage
- the extra linguistics noises that accompany languages
- Frame Substitution
- a method used to identify the syntactic units of language
- Ethnolinguistics
- the study of the relation between language and culture
- Linguistic Relativity
- the proposition that diverse interpretations of reality embodied in languages yield demonstrable influences on thought
- Morphemes
- in linguistics, the smallest units of sound that carry a meaning
- Symbols
- sounds or gestures that stand for meanings among a group of people
- Language
- a system of communication using sounds or gestures that are put together in meaningful ways according to a set of rules
- Bound Morpheme
- a sound that can occur in a language only in combination with other sounds
- Form Classes
- the parts of speech or categories of words that work the same way in any sentence
- Dialects
- varying forms of a language that reflect particular regions or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible
- Vocalizations
- identifiable paralinguistic noises that are turned on and off at perceivable and relatively short intevals
- Phonemes
- in linguistics, the smallest classes of sound that make a difference in meaning
- Linguistic Nationalism
- the attempt by ethnic minorities, and even countries to proclaim independence by purging their language of foreign terms
- Phonetics
- the study of the production, transmission, and reception of speech sounds
- Signal
- a sound or gesture that has a natural or self-evident meaning