Stat II Chapter 1 Quiz Flashcards
Terms
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- Descriptive Statistics
- Mathematical procedures for summarizing and describing the charecteristics in a set of data.
- Inferential Statistics
- Mathematical procedures for drawing interferences about charecteristics of a population, based on what is observed in a sample from that population.
- Population
- All of the cases in which a researcher is interested; a (usually very large) group of people, animals, objects, or responses that are alike in at least one respect.
- Sample
- Any subgroup of cases drawn from a clearly specified population.
- Statistic
- A numeric quantity that summarizes some charectertistic of a sample.
- Summation Sign
- A mathematical symbol that represents the sum of a set of numbers.
- Parameter
- A numerical quality that summarizes some charecteristic of a population.
- Why Study Statistics?
- Because at a 1939 conference in Boulder, CO, the word psychologist was defined as someone who was a scientist and a practioner.
- What are three important reasons why a knowledge of statistics is essential for anyone majoring in psychology, sociology or education?
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1. To understand professional literature.
2. To understand the rationale underlying research in the behavioral sciences.
3. To carry out behavioral science research. - What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?
- Descriptive statistics are used to summarize something, such as grades using GPA. Inferential statistics area little more broad, such as making generalizations for a group or estimating the probability of an outcome.
- Why must behavioral science researchers use inferential statistics?
- Because they want to know what is happening in a population, but they cannot measure the whole population, so they use inferential statistics to make generalizations for a sample of the entire population.
- What is the difference between a population and a sample?
- A population is a large group of people, animals, or objects with at least one similar trait, however, when researching if a population is too large to work with, a random sample may be used that is smaller, but proportionate to the population.
- Why is it important to specify clearly the population from which a sample is drawn?
- Because you need to make sure that the sample accurately represents the entire population.
- What is the difference between a parameter and a statisic?
- A parameter summarizes a charecteristic of a population and a statistic summarizes a charecteristic of a sample.
- Why is summation notation used by statistaticians?
- To represent the sum of a set of numbers, basically as a short hand.
- What are the eight rules of summation notation? (Look at card.)
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