BIO chapter 2 test
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- basic structure and function of carbohydrates
- compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 living things use carbs as their main source of energy
- storage polysaccharide found in plants
- cellulose
- storage polysaccharide found in animals
- glycogen
- functions of lipids in living things
- lipids can be used to store energy, some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings
- basic structure of a lipid (triglyceride)
- many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called fatty acids
- differences between saturated and unsaturated fats
- saturated- each carbon atom in a lipids fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond. solid at room temp unsaturated- if there is at least one carbon carbon double bond in a fatty acid. liquid at room temp
- structure and function of nucleic acid
- macromolecules containing oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, polymers assembled from individual monomers known a nucleotides. transmit and store hereditary info. 2 kinds- DNA and RNA
- differences between DNA and RNA
- RNA- sugar ribose DNA- sugar deoxyribose
- structure and function of protein
- macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon hydrogen and oxygen. polymers of molecules called amino acids. control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. some are used to form bones and muscles others transport substances into or out of cells to help fight disease
- what are enzymes and how are they important to living things
- proteins that act as biological catalysts. they speed up checmical reactions that take place in cells lowering the activation energies
- describe how enzymes work: enzyme substrate complex
- enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react. such a site reduces the energy needed for reaction the reactants of enzyme catalyzed reactions are known as substrates.
- factors that influence the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions
- enzymes work best at certain ph values. most are affected by changes in temp