Europe/Russia/Middle East Test
Terms
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- Tsar
- For hundreds of years it was the title for the top Russian Leader
- Lenin
- Led the Russian Revolution and the Communist Party in forcing out the tsar in 1917
- U.S.S.R.
- Short term for "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"
- Stalin
- Took power in Russia after Lenin's death in 1924, immediately poured all of the Soviet resources into developing a dominating and large military force
- State-planned Economy
- Govt. takes control of all farms, factories, and companies in the USSR
- 5-year Plans
- Russian Govt. told industries how much to produce (game them a quota)
- Hardships in Russia
- Stalin's policies led to the starvation of millions & he punished dissenters
- Gorbachev
- Became Leader of Russia in 1985 and implemented three big reforms
- Perestroika
- Gorbachev's 1st big reform - allowed businesses to make more decisions
- Glasnost
- Gorbi's 2nd big reform - allowed media to speak freely about govt.
- Demokratizatsia
- Gorbi's 3rd big reform - gave people free speech and right to vote
- Yeltsin
- Elected to Russian Presidency in 1991 after Gorbi's reforms
- Soviet Union
- Eventually fell apart w/several regions creating new, independent countries
- Communist Economy
- Factories given quotas to meet and all workers were paid the same amount
- Economic Problems
- Russian govt. delivered poor quality materials late in the month & created almost no incentive for workers to work hard to reach quotas
- Romantic Art
- Nature/Landscapes are the focal pt., human faces show emotion
- Realist Art
- Based on real events in everyday life, human bodies do not look perfect
- Neoclassical Art
- Humans look perfect, heroic figures and important scenes depicted
- Farming & Middle Ages
- Used crop rotation to keep soil fertile, population boom resulted
- Seed Drill
- Invention that made planting seeds faster & more efficient
- Cottage Industry
- Merchants brought raw materials to women's homes,had them create textile goods, and took them to sell to consumers (women paid very little)
- Export
- A good produced in one country that is sold to/in another country
- Import
- A good purchased by/in a country that was not made in that country
- Textile Factories Britain
- They were hugely successful in mass production, but workers had few rights
- Steam Engine
- The Steam Engine revolutionized energy production & provided a quick, efficient way to move a lot of goods/materials cheaply
- Spinning Jenny
- Helped speed up the processing of the raw cotton
- Cotton Gin
- Made seed removal from cotton easier and increased demand for laborers (slaves)
- Smelting
- Process of melting down iron to rid it of impurities in order to strengthen it
- Monarchy
- Ruling Power is in the hands of one person (usually inherited in royal family)
- Mono arkhein
- Greek for "monarchy"
- Oligarchy
- Ruling Power is in the hands of a few aristocrats
- Oligos arkhein
- Greek for "oligarchy"
- Tyranny
- Ruling Power is in the hands of one individual who seized control
- Tyrannos
- Greek for "tyranny"
- Democracy
- Ruling Power is in the hands of all people
- Demos kratos
- Greek for "democracy"
- Mecca
- Holiest city in the Islamic (Muslim) faith
- Imam
- Leader of the Muslim worship services (held on Friday)
- Allah
- Muslim name for "God"
- 3 Major World Religions
- All believe in one god, the 'God of Abraham'
- Koran
- Holy Book of Muslims
- Muhammad
- God's final & most important prophet in Muslim faith
- 5 Pillars of Muslim Faith
- Must be completed by a Muslim
- Pilllar 1 - Shahada
- Public display of faith
- Pillar 2 - Salat
- Prayer
- Pillar 3 - Zakat
- Giving to the needy
- Pillar 4 - Siyam
- Fasting
- Pillar 5 - Hajj
- Journey to Mecca at least once - if able
- Saudi Arabia
- Home to Mecca (holiest Islamic place). Also largest Middle Eastern country
- Oil Reserves
- Saudi Arabia has the most oil in the Middle East
- Iran
- Has the largest population in the Middle East and the highest GDP
- Trinity
- Christian belief in a Father, Son & Holy Ghost
- Mosque
- Holy building in the Muslim faith
- Synagogue
- Holy building in the Jewish faith
- Church
- Holy building in the Christian faith
- Tenakh
- Holy book of the Jews
- Bible
- Holy book of the Christians
- Abraham
- Judaism, Islam & Christianity are all based on God making a covenant with him
- Priest/Pastor
- Christian leader of worship services
- Desert clothing
- Traditionally long sleeves worn to protect skin from the sun & heads covered to keep away flies
- Jerusalem
- A holy city for the Jews, Muslims & Christians. It is still fought over by the Jews & Palestinian Arabs today
- Rabbi
- Means 'teacher and is the name given to the leader of Jewish worship services