Chapter 9 Vocab
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- implicit memory
- retention independent of conscious recollection
- iconic memory
- a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
- visual encoding
- the encoding of picture images
- amnesia
- loss of memory
- Source Amnesia
- Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined (also called source misattribution).
- Effortful Processing
- Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
- Mood-Congruent Memory
- the tendency to recall experiences that are consitent with one's current good or bad mood
- Priming
- the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
- Echoic Memory
- stores the sounds we have heard for about 3 to 4 seconds
- retrieval
- the process of getting information out of memory storage
- flashbulb memory
- A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. (p. 347)
- Explicit memory
- memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare
- hippocampus
- a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit meemories for storage
- Long term memory
- the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.
- memory
- the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
- Serial Position effect
- our tendency to recall best the last and first things in a list
- Retroactive Interference
- where new information interferes with previously learned information
- Proactive interference
- The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.
- Sensory Memory
- the immediate, initial recording of sensory infromation in the memory system
- relearning
- a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
- Recognition
- a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned
- long-term potentiation
- an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. These neurons fire more readily.
- Automatic Processing
- Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned infomation.
- recall
- a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier
- Short term memory
- activated memory that holds a few items briefly, before information is stored or forgotten
- storage
- the retention of encoded information over time
- Rehearsal
- the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
- imagery
- mental pictures, a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with sematic encoding
- Spacing Effect
- the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
- Deja Vu
- That eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
- Mnemonics
- memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
- Misinformation effect
- Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.
- encoding
- the processing of information into the memory system
- chunking
- organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically