Cell Parts
Terms
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- mitchondria
- organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated.
- Golgi apparatus
- organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products.
- Plasma membrane
- membrane enclosing the cell
- Nucleus
- The cell nucleus acts like the brain of the cell. It helps control eating, movement, and reproduction.
- nuclear envelope
- double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores, continuous with ER
- nucleolus
- membranous oraganelle involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli
- chromatin
- material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell
- endoplasmic reticulum
- network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane systhesis and othe synthetic and metabolic processes; has a rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth regions.
- rough ER
- synthesize and package of proteins
- smooth ER
- acts as a storage organelle; creates and storage of steroids
- Cytoskelton
- reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of proteins. Includes: microfilaments, intermiediate filaments, microtubules
- ribosomes
- complexes (small brown dots) that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope
- peroxisome
- oragnelle w/ various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by product, then coverts it to water.
- flagellum (animal cell)
- locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of plasma membrane.
- centrosome (animal cell)
- region where the cells microtubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles (function unkonwn).
- microvilli (animal cell)
- projections that increase the cell's surface area
- lyosome (animal cell)
- digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed.
- chloroplast (plant cell)
- photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
- central vacuole (plant cell)
- prominent organelle in older plant cell; fucntions include storage breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is major mechanism of plant growth
- cell wall (plant cell)
- outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanial damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and proteins.
- Plasmodesmata
- channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.