chapter 12
BIOLOGY MRS.DUDLEY
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Genetic Code
- the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
- Transformation
- Process by which one strand of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
- DNA
- Is a long molecule made up of nucleotides and a sugar base called deoxyribose, has genetic material; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
- Nucleotide
- Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- Base pairing
- Principal that bonds is DNA can form only between Adenine and Thymine, and between Cytosine and Guanine
- DNA polymerase
- Enzymes involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
- Chromatin
- Granular material visible within the nucleus. Consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
- Replication
- Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
- RNA
- ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins
- Histone
- Protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
- Transcription
- Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complimentary sequence in RNA
- Messenger RNA (mRNA)
- Serves as a messenger of DNA to the rest of the cells
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
- Ribosomes are made up of several dozen proteins, as a wall, as a form of RNA
- Transfer RNA (tRNA)
- Transfers each amino acid to the ribosomes as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA
- Codon
- Three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid
- Translation
- Decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
- Anticodon
- Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complimentary to an mRNA codon
- Bacteriophage
- Virus that infects bacteria
- Gene
- Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
- Promoter
- Region of DNA that indicates where to bind to make RNA