CH 7
Terms
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- Cold Boot
- Process of turning on a computer that has been powered off completely
- DOS
- Any one of several single user operating systems that were developed in the early 1980s for personal computers. The two more widely used versions of DOS were PC-DOS and MS-DOS. DOS is short for Disk Operating System
- Virus
- Potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works without the user's knowledge or permission. A virus is a segment of program code from some outside source
- Network Operating System
- Operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network. Also called network OS
- Personal Firewall
- Utility program that detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions by constantly monitoring all transmissions to and from the computer
- System Software
- The programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices, and serves as the interface between the user, the application software, and the computer's hardware. Two types of system software are operating systems and utility
- Virtual Memory
- A portion of a storage medium, usually the hard disk, that the operating system allocates to function as additional RAM
- Operating Systems
- Set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources
- Trojan Horse
- Type of malicious-logic program, named after the Greek myth, that hides within or looks like a legitimate program such as a screen saver. A certain condition or action usually triggers the Trojan horse. Unlike a virus or worm, a Trojan horse does not replicate itself to other computers
- Uninstaller
- Utility that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files
- Image Viewer
- Utility that allows users to display and copy the contents of a graphics file
- Network Administrator
- Person who oversees network operations and uses the network operating system to add and remove users, computers, and other devices to and from the network; install software; and administer network security
- Defragmenting
- Reorganizing a disk so the files are stored in contiguous sectors, thus speeding up disk access and therefore the performance of the entire computer
- Warm Boot
- Process of restarting a computer that already is powered on
- stand-alone operating system
- Complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device. Some stand-alone operating systems also are called client operating systems because they also work in conjunction with network operating
- Command-line Interface
- Type of user interface in which a user types commands or presses special keys on the keyboard (such as function keys or key combinations) to enter data and instructions. Command-line interfaces give users more control over setting details than menu-driver interfaces do
- Windows XP
- The latest version of the Windows operating system, which is Microsoft's fastest, most reliable Windows operating system yet, providing quicker startup, better performance, and a new, simplified visual look
- Embedded Operating System
- The operating system that resides on a ROM chip inside most PDAs and small devices
- Fault Tolerant
- Computer that continues to operate when one of its components fails, thereby ensuring that no data is lost. Fault-tolerant computers have duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives, which the computers can switch to when a primary component fails
- spooling
- Operating system process that sends print jobs to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer. The buffer then holds the information waiting to print while the printer prints from the buffer at its own rate of speed
- Virtual Memory
- A portion of a storage medium, usually the hard disk, that the operating system allocates to function as additional RAM
- UNIX
- Multitasking operating system that was developed in the early 1970s by scientists at Bell Laboratories and now is available for most computers of all sizes. Although some versions of UNIX have a command-line interface, most versions offer a graphical user interface. Power users often work with UNIX because of its flexibilty and power
- Utility Program
- Type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance types of tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. Also called utility
- Disk Scanner
- Utility that (1) detects and corrects both physical and logical problems on a hard disk or floppy disk and (2) searches for and removes unnecessary files
- Macintosh Operating System
- Operating system for Macintosh computers that has set the standard for operating system ease of use and has been the model for most of the new GUIs developed for non-Macintosh systems
- Worm
- Type of malicious-logic program that copies itself repeatedly, for example in memory or over a network, using up system resources and possibly shutting a system down
- queue
- Lineup of multiple print jobs within a buffer
- Screen Saver
- Utility that causes a monitor's screen to display a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specified time
- Linux
- Popular, multitasking UNIX type of operating system, developed by Linus Torvalds, that is free of charge, has publicly available source code, and includes many programming languages and utility programs. Linux currently is one of the faster growing operating systems