NAQT: Programming Languages
Terms
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- COBOL
- Emphasized record-processing and database access and uses an English-like syntax
- Java
- Originally named OAK; unsuccessfully used for set-top devices; took off after being renamed in 1995, and used for WWW.
- Perl
- Developed by Larry Wall in 1988
- Fortran
- Once on almost every PC; still used in Science and Engineering
- C++
- Similar to C
- LISP
- ancestor of the family of functional languages (emphasize evaluating expressions rather than executing imperative commands, FE sum[1...10] instead of a for loop)
- COBOL
- COmmon Business-Oriented Language
- LISP
- Developed in 1950-60 by John McCarthy
- C
- Developed by Dennis Ritchie, at Bell Labs in 1972'
- Pascal
- Emphasis on structured programming techniques and strong typing
- Fortran
- Most popular versions are IV, 77, and 90
- C++
- compiled; high-level; object-oriented features (classes), generic programming (templates), and exception handling to the language.
- Java
- Developed by Sun Microsystems in early 1990's
- LISP
- Often used in AI research
- COBOL
- Was very common in business, esp. finance
- LISP
- Used primarily for manupulating data structures, not calculation
- Perl
- Practical Extraction Report Language
- COBOL
- Source of many Y2K bugs, and also very wordy.
- Pascal
- Delphi is based on it
- Fortran
- "Formula Translation"
- BASIC
- developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz at Dartmouth College in the mid 1960s.
- Java
- relatively pure object-oriented language with syntax similar to C++
- Perl
- Originally used for text parsing; often used in CGI scripts, and for parsing logs
- C
- High-level, but close to the hardware, so often used for drivers
- Fortran
- Name is no longer capitalized
- COBOL
- Developed in 1959 by CODASYL (Conference on Data Systems Languages) under the direction of Rear Admiral Grace Hopper and is the second-oldest high-level language.
- C
- Succesor to B
- Perl
- Heavy use of symbols makes it "write one, read never" because of conciseness
- ALGOL
- First released as ALGOL 58, then ALGOL 60, and ALGOL 68
- Fortran
- Developed by John Backus in late 1950's for IBM; oldest high-level language
- Pascal
- high-level, compiled language built upon ALGOL.
- BASIC
- high-level; It is easy to use but its relative lack of structure makes maintaining programs difficult.
- Pascal
- Developed by Niklaus Wirth during 1967-71.
- C++
- Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985 at Bell Labs;
- ALGOL
- First procedural language designed for solving scientific and mathematical problems. Developed in 1950's
- Pascal
- Often used in 1980's CS education, but unpopular in real world
- Java
- Compiled to Bytecode