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micro quiz 1- 3 study questions

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The early chemotherapeutic agent salvarsan, a "magic bullet" that was effective against syphilis, was discovered by
Paul Ehrlich
Vaccination for smallpox with cowpox was first developed by
Edward Jenner
An example of a prion-caused disease is
creutzfield-jacobs disease
With the aid of a compound microscope (one that uses two sets of lenses) life's smallest structural units, or "cells" were discovered by
Hooke
Pasteurization, which is used to kill potentially harmful bacteria in milk, was developed by
Pasteur
A major advance in immunology, a classification system for streptococci based on certain components in the cell walls of the bacteria, was proposed by
Rebecca Lancefield
The antibiotic penicillin was accidentally discovered on a mold-contaminated culture plate of bacteria by
Alexander Fleming
Cilia are appendages for locomotion found on
Protozoa
The concept of biogenesis, the claim that living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells was introduced by
Rudolf Virchow
The first proof that bacteria actually cause disease was from the work with the anthrax bacillus by
Koch
Examples of unicellular, eucaryotic microbes are
Protozoa
signs of life was conducted by
Pasteur
conducted by
Redi
Probably the first person to develop magnifying lenses that allowed him to observe live bacteria was
Van Leeuwenhoek
A microbe that is an effective insecticide is
Bacillus thuringiensis
He demonstrated that disinfecting hands of physicians could minimize infections in obstetrical wards. (last name only).
Semmelweis
Methods that keep unwanted organisms from culture medium to even surgical patients are called __________techniques.
Aseptic
What are the true prokaryotes?
Bacteria
An agent that lacks a cell wall, cannot produce its own energy, and contains only one type of nucleic acid is called a
Virus
Antimicrobial chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi are called
Antibiotics
Protection from a disease that is provided by vaccination is called
immunity
A "hot lab" is a _______________level 4 facility (See outside readings).
Maximum Containment Lab
Using anthrax as a model, he developed a theory on how to determine if an infectious agent causes disease in an animal. His postulates can also be applied to human disease.(Last name only.)
A substance that dissociates in water into cations and anions, neither of which is H+ or OH-, is called a(n)
Salt
An organic substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction, usually by increasing it, without being permanently altered itself is a(n)
enzyme
The principal energy-carrying molecule of all cells is
ATP
A substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions (H+) and one or more negative ions is a(n)
Acid
Any molecule having an unequal distribution of charge (or electrons), such as the water molecule, is known as a
Polar Molecule
A chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons are called
Covalent bond
Proteins are formed by amino acids connected by
Peptide bond
Two molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures and properties are called
Isomers
A molecule that contains at least two different kinds of atoms, such as water molecule, is called a(n)
Compound
Atoms with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei are
isotopes
negatively or positively charged atom (or group of atoms) is called a(n)
Ion
The two configurations of amino acids, D and L, are called
Stereoisomers
Purines and pyrimidines are examples of
nucleic acids
Sugars and starches are examples of CarbohydratesA carbonated drink, pH 3 is ____________ times more acidic than distilled water at pH 7.0.
10,000
a carbohydrate is a molecule whose molecular formula can be expressed in terms of
just carbon and water
Particles with a negative charge that move in shells around the nucleus are called?
electrons
Eight or more molecules of glucose in a chain would be called a
polysaccharides
Fatty acids and glycerol are the basic building blocks of
simple lipids
Bacteria tend to have a slightly (1)_____________ charge and thus are best stained with (2) ____________ dyes which have a colored ion that have a positive charge.
negative and basic
The ______________ of a light microscope is a lens system that focuses light through the specimen
condensor
The numerical aperture of an oil immersion lens is usually around 1.30.If the wavelength of light filtered through to the condenser is 0.52 µm, what is the resolving power of this particular microscope when using the immersion oil objective lens?
0.2micrometers
In order to just see shapes arrangements of bacterial cells, a ____________ stain and not a differential stain is all that is needed.
simple
What type of microscopy can quickly detect a specific bacterial species among many different kinds of cells?
confocal
What is the total magnification of a specimen viewed through a 4x objective lens and 10x ocular lens?
40
What color should a gram-positive organism appear after a Gram stain?
purple
What type of microscope would you use to determine internal structures in living microorganisms?
phase contrast
Which of the following staining procedures involves heating the specimen during the staining procedure?
spore and acid fast
Which kinds of microscopes could be used to provide information about the detailed structures of biological molecules?
stm and afm
What type of stain would be used to detect the organism that causes tuberculosis?
acid fast
What type of microscope would you use to study the surfaces of intact cells and viruses?
scanning
An organism is found to be capable of withstanding boiling water for twenty minutes. What stain might be useful in examining this organism?
endospore
What chemical is typically used as the stain for transmission electron microscopy?
salts of lead or osmium
Which of the following procedures represents the correct order of reagents for the Gram stain?
crystal violet, then iodine, then achohol, then safranin
What type of microscope produces scanned planes of images?
flouresent
Light of which color will provide the best resolving power for a compound light microscope?
blue

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