Unit 7: Evolution
Terms
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- Adaptation
- A trait that a species develops over time through natural selection.
- Anatomy and Development
- shows structures and embrios of organisms are similar and from commonm ancestor.
- Behavior Isolation
- Two species are capable of interbreeding but have different mating rituals
- Coevolution
- Species evolve with respect to one anther, predators and prey
- Darwin's Finches
- David Lack observes in wet season, sees nothing. Grants measure back sof finches regularly for many years and find are getting bigger
- Darwin/HMS Beagle/Galapagos Islands.
- Darwin came up with the now known correct theory of evolution and published it. He set out on Devember 27, 1831, to a journey around the world, where the galapogos infulenced him greatly.
- Directional Selection
- Phenotypes at one end are better, graph shifts
- Diseases
- Get rid of less fit, but we are slowing evolution with medicine.
- Disrubtive Selection
- Phenotypes at both ends are better, graph splits in two
- DNA
- Compares DNA sequences to make phylogenic trees
- Environment and Natural Selection
- Natural Selection selects trait with respect to the organisms environment. Snowy=warm fur
- Evidence for evolution
- Fossil record, Geologic Distribution, Anatomy and Development, DNA
- Evolution
- Change over time
- Extinction
- Gets rid of less fit species, and forces surviving to adapt quickly to new environment
- Fitness
- how well an organism can survive and reproduce.
- Fossil Record
- Physical record of history of life on earth
- Galapagos Islands
- They are all isolated, and have different environments, making them perfect for evolution.
- Geographic Isolation
- Seperated by geographic barriers
- Geologic Distribution
- Species living in similar environments evolve similarly, convergent evolution
- Gradualism vs Puntuated Equilibrium
- Gradual-evolves at same rate, puntu-evolves at same rate except during periods of rapid evol.
- Homologous vs Vestigal Structures
- Homo- structues with different mature forms but from same embrionic tissues, fore limbs in mammals. Vest- structures that have been reduced over time, tail bone
- Horse Lab
- The horse's environment was getting drier so it adapted to larger body, longer legs, more complex teeth, no toes.
- Kettlewell
- Showed Industrial evolution: black moths dominated in polluted areas, white in nonpolluted
- Lamarck, Hutton/Lyell, Malthus, Wallace
- Came up with incorrect evol. ideas, geological processes take millions of years so Earth is old, if humans continue to grow there will not be enough rescources, sends Darwin his evol. essay
- Miller and Ullrey
- Used different machines simulating Earth's first events, starting with a mixture of gases and ending up with proteins.
- Natural Selection
- Says that individuals better suited to environment will survive and reproduce. Must be heritable variation, and competition for rescources.
- Penguin
- Lived in cold environment, so developed warm feathers, oily waterproof coat, and huddling to stay warm.
- Phenotypes vs Genotypes
- Pheno is the physical trait, Geno is the genetic makeup of it
- Species
- Must be able to reproduce together and produce fertile offspring
- Stabilizing selection
- PHenotypes at center of curve are better, graph narrows
- Temporal isolation
- Different species reproduce at different times of the year/dday
- Where did Eukatyotes evolve from?
- 2 BYA, bacteria entered prokaryotes and turned into chloroplasts and mitochondria.