Spanish 202 Review for Final
Terms
undefined, object
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-
Diff meaning SER/ESTAR
feo/a -
ser: to be ugly
estar: to look ugly -
SUJUNCTIVE irregulars
ir
saber
ser -
ir: vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan
saber: sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan
ser: sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean -
IMPERFECT irregular
ver -
ver:
vei'a
vei'as
vei'a
vei'amos
vei'an - -AR verb ending - PRETERIT
-
- e'
- aste
- o'
- amos
- aron -
Pret/Imp. meaning changes
conocer -
pret. beginning of knowing someone
imp. was acquainted with -
Diff meaning SER/ESTAR
vivo/a -
ser: to be smart, lively
estar: to be alive -
Adjective Placement
before/after noun
mismos/a -
before: same
after: (the thing) itself -
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
How is it constructed? -
habre'
habra's
habra' + past participle!
habremos (ex: comido)
habra'n - - ER/IR verb endings - PRETERIT
-
- i'
-iste
-io'
-imos
-ieron -
Pret/imp. meaning changes
poder -
pret. could and did - effort put forth
imp. had the ability/opportunity, no reference to a specific effort of incident -
Ser/Estar
in impersonal expressions - Ser
-
Ser/Estar
with a past participle to describe the resultant condition of a previous action - Estar
- Direct Object pronouns
-
me
te
lo/la
nos
los/las -
Adjective Placement
before/after noun
nuevo/a -
before: another, different
after: brand new -
PRETERIT irregulars
dar
ser
ir -
dar: di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron
ser
and : fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron
ir -
pret/imp. meaning changes
No poder -
pret. failed to, a specific effort and failure implied
imp. no reference to a specific effort or failure -
Ser/Estar
with a noun or pronoun identifying the subject? - ser
-
Ser/Estar
to express change from the norm, whether perceived or real - Estar
-
PRETERIT irregulars
estar
tener
andar -
estar: estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvieron
tener: tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvieron
andar: anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, anduvieron -
pret/imp. meaning changes
querer -
pret. wanted and acted upon it
imp. no reference to effort or success -
Ser/Estar
with adjectives/nouns identifying nationality, religious and political beliefs or occupations? - ser
- Verb ending (all) FUTURE TENSE!
-
-e'
-a's
-a'
-emos
-a'n -
PAST PARTICIPLE irregulars (& meaning)
abrir
cubrir
decir
descubrir -
abrir = abierto = opened
cubrir= cubierto = covered
decir= dicho = said
descubrir = descubierto = discovered, uncovered -
FUTURE PERFECT
Translate:
Me habra'n dicho que vendra'n a visitarme. -
They have told me that they will come to visit me.
Future perfect = have _______d -
Diff. meaning SER/ESTAR
aburrido/a -
ser: to be boring
estar: to be bored - Indirect object pronouns
-
me
te
le
nos
les -
Adjective Placement
before/after noun
pobre -
before: unfortunate
after: poor -
PRETERIT irregulars
poner
saber -
poner: puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusieron
saber: supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supieron -
pret/imp. meaning changes
no querer -
pret. acted upon the sedire not to
imp. didn't want to... but perhaps did -
Ser/Estar
With adjectives to express characteristics of the subject such as sie, color, and shape? - Ser
-
Ser/Estar
With the past participle to express the passive voice? - Ser
-
FUTURE TENSE IRREGULARS!
haber
poder
querer
saber -
haber: habr-
poder: podr-
querer: querr-
saber: sabr- -
VERBS like gustar - meaning
caer bien
encantar
faltar -
caer bien: to like (a person)
encantar: to love, to be enchanting
faltar: to lack, miss, to be lacking -
PAST PARTICIPLE irregulars (& meaning)
escribir
hacer
imprimir
ir -
escribir = escrito = written
hacer = hecho = done, made
imprimir = impreso = printed
ir = ido = gone - Meaning of PLUPERFECT constructions....
-
HAD _______d
ex: Mis hermanos habi'an dominado.
* My brothers had dominated. -
Diff meaning SER/ESTAR
bueno/a -
ser: to be good, kind
estar: to be good(tasting), in good condition -
Adjective placement
before noun/ after noun
cierto/a -
before: certain (particular)
after: certain (sure) -
Adjective Placement
before/after noun
propio/a -
before: own
after: proper -
PRETERIT irregulars
hacer
querer
venir -
hacer: hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron
querer: quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisieron
venir: vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinieron -
pret/imp. meaning changes
saber -
pret. beginning of knowing about it
imp. knew (knew a fact) -
Ser/Estar
With preposition "de" to indicate origin or possession or material? - Ser
-
Ser/Estar
to indicate the location of objects/persons? - Estar
-
Diff meaning SER/ESTAR
divertido/a -
ser: to be funny
estar: to be amused -
FUTURE TENSE IRREGULARS!
poner
salir
tener
venir -
poner: pondr-
salir: saldr-
tener: tendr-
venir: vendr- -
VERBS like Gustar - meaning
caer mal
fascinar
hacer falta -
caer mal: to dislike (a person)
fascinar: to be fascinated by (lit. to be fascinating)
hacer falta: to need, to be needed -
Adjective placement
before/after noun
dichoso/a -
before: darned
after: lucky, happy -
Adjective Placement
before/after noun
puro/a -
before: sheer
after: pure -
Ser/Estar
with progressive constuctions (ndo) - Estar
-
Verbs like Gustar - meaning
impresionar
interesar
molestar -
impresionar: to be impressed (to be impressive)
interesar: to be interested in (to be interesting)
molestar: to be a bother (to be bothersome) -
PAST PARTICIPLE irregulars (&meaning)
morir
poner
resolver
romper -
morir = muerto = dead
poner = puesto = put, placed
resolver = resuelto = resolved
romper = roto = broken -
Ser/Estar
To indicate where/when events take place? - Ser
- SUBJUNCTIVE verb endins -AR verbs
-
-e
-es
-e
-emos
-en -
PAST PARTICIPLE irregulars (& meaning)
volver
ver -
volver = vuelto = returned
ver = visto = seen -
PRETERIT irregulars
decir
traer
haber -
Decir: dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijeron
Traer: traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajeron
Haber: hubo -
pret/imp. meaning changes
tener -
pret. beginning of having
imp. had... possessed usually -
Ser/Estar
To express dates, days of the week, months, seasons... - Ser
-
Diff meaning SER/ESTAR
listo/a -
ser: to be clever
estar: to be ready - SUJUNCTIVE verb endings -ER/IR verbs
-
-a
-as
-a
-amos
-an -
Adjective placement
before/after noun
grande (gran) -
before: great, impressive
after: large -
Adjective placement
before/after noun
viejo/a -
before: former, long-standing
after: old, aged - -AR verb endings IMPERFECT
-
-aba
-abas
-aba
-a'bamos
-aban -
pret/imp. meaning changes
tener que -
pret. had to... acted upon it
imp. had to... and has not done it yet -
Verbs like Gustar - meaning
parecer
quedar -
parecer: to seem
quedar: to have remaining, left over (to be remaining) -
CORRECTION
Meaning of FUTURE TENSE constructions: -
WILL HAVE ______d
ex: Mis padres habra'n enviado la tarjeta postal.
* My parents WILL HAVE SENT the postcard. -
Ser/Estar
To express time - Ser
-
Diff meaning SER/ESTAR
malo/a -
ser: to be bad, evil
estar: to be sick, ill - -ER/IR verb endings IMPERFECT
-
-i'a
-i'as
-i'a
-i'amos
-i'an -
pret/imp. meaning changes
costar -
pret. and I bought it
imp. implies not bought -
IMPERFECT irregulars
ir -
ir:
iba
ibas
iba
i'bamos
iban -
Ser/Estar
with preposition "para" to tell for whom or for what something is intended? - Ser
-
Diff meaning SER/ESTAR
guapo/a -
ser: to be handsome
estar: to look handsome -
Adjective Placement
before/after noun
medio/a -
before: half
after: middle, average - PLUPERFECT constructions
-
habi'a
habi'as
habi'a + past participle
habi'amos (ex: comido)
habi'an -
IMPERFECT irregular
ser -
Ser:
era
eras
era
e'ramos
eran -
Ser/Estar
with adjectives to express a physical or mental/emotional state or condition of the subject - Estar
-
DIff meaning SER/ESTAR
bonito/a -
Ser: to be pretty
Estar: to look pretty -
SUBJUNCTIVE irregulars
dar
estar
haber -
dar: de', des, de', demos, den
estar: este', este's, este', estemos, este'n
haber: haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan -
PAST PARTICIPLE verb ending
-AR
-ER/IR verbs -
-AR: -ado
ex: tomar = tomado = taken
-ER/IR : -ido
ex: comer = comido = eaten