bio chapter 7 study guide
Terms
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- nucleus structure
- includes chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear envelope and nuclear pores
- nucleus function
- contains the cells DNA and the coded instructions for making proteins and other molecules
- nuclear envelope structure
- 2 membranes dotted with nuclear pores
- nuclear envelope function
- allows material to move in and out of nucleus RNA and molecules move through the nuclear pores
- nucleolus structure
- small dense region
- nucleolus function
- where assembly of ribosomes begins
- ribosome structure
- small particles of RNA and protein found in the cytoplasm
- ribosome function
- produces proteins by following coded instructions that come from the nucleus
- rough ER structure
- ribosomes on surface abundant in cells that produce large amounts of proteins
- rough ER function
- involved in synthesis of proteins
- smooth ER structure
- ribosomes not on surface contains collections of enzymes
- smooth ER function
- synthesis of membrane lipids and detoxification of drugs
- ER basics
- site where lipid compounds of cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell
- golgi apparatus structure
- stack of closely apposed membranes
- golgi apparatus function
- modify sort and package proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or secretion in the cell
- lysosome structure
- small filled with enzymes
- lysosome function
- breakdown of lipids carbs and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell removes "junk"
- vacuole structure
- saclike
- vacuole function
- stores materials such as water salt proteins and carbs
- mitochondrion structure
- enclosed by 2 membranes
- mitochondrion function
- converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
- chloroplast structure
- surrounded by 2 membranes inside it are stacks of other membranes with chlorophyll
- chloroplast function
- capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in photosynthesis
- cytoskeleton structure
- network of protein filaments (microtubules and microfilaments)
- cytoskeleton function
- helps maintain shape involved in movement
- microfilament structure
- threadlike made of actin
- microfilament function
- framework for cell allows cells to crawl along surfaces
- microtubule structure
- hollow made of tubulins
- microtubule function
- maintain cell shape cell division form mitotic spindle
- centriole structure
- made of tubulin pair located near nucleus
- centriole function
- organize cell division
- cell membrane structure
- double layered sheet called lipid bilayer contains proteins
- cell membrane function
- regulates what enters and leaves cell provides protection and support
- cell wall structure
- porous made from carb and protein fibers
- cell wall function
- provides cell with support and protection
- cell theory
- 1. -All living things are composed of cells -Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -New cells are produced from existing cells
- eukaryotes vs. prokaryotes
- 2. Similar: Surrounded by cell membrane, Contain DNA Different: Eukaryotes have a nucleus while Prokaryotes do not. Prokaryotes are bacteria while Eukaryotes are plants, animals, fungi and protists.