Biology, Protists and Fungi
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- Are protists unicellular and multicellular?
- Yes
- How are protists classified?
-
First, by group they are most like
Second, by the way they move - Animallike protists are called
- protozoans
- Swim with flagella
- Zooflagellates
- absorb food through cell membrane
- zooflagellates
- reproduce by binary fission
- zooflagellates
- live in lakes and ponds (freshwater only)
- zooflagellates
- Name an example of a zooflagellate
- Trichonympha, which lives in the stomach of termites
- What is in the phylum Sarcodina?
- Sarcodines
- use pseudopods for movement
- Sarcodines
- feed using a food vacuole
- Sarcodines
- Name an example of a sarcodine
- Amoeba and foraminiferans (cliffs of dover)
- Ciliates are in the phylum
- Ciliophora
- use cilia for movement
- Ciliates
- Do ciliates live in only fresh water?
- NO, they can live in both fresh and salt water
- Free living (non parasitic
- ciliates
- Example of a ciliate is
- paramecium
- What are trichocysts on and what are they used for?
- They are on ciliates and they are used for defense
- Controls day to day activities
- macronucleus
- controls conjugation
- micronucleus
- What is conjugation?
- Paramecium sex
- What does food enter?
- oral groove
- Traps food
- gullet
- Opening for waste
- anal pore
- Phylum Sporozoa: name how it moves and a characteristic of it
- Non motile (cannot move on its own, must rely on carriers like animals and wind) and it is parasitic
- Name an example of a sporozoa
- Plasmodium, which cause malaria
- What causes malaria?
- plasmodium
- what causes african sleeping sickness?
- trypanosoma
- what spreads african sleeping sickness?
- tsetse fly
- What causes amebic dysentary?
- Sarcodine Entamoeba
- how is amebic dysentary spread? what does it cause?
- contaminated drinking water, and causes severe diarrhea
- What causes giardia?
- a zooflagellate
- where is ghiardia found?
- the intestines of mammals
- how can you kill zooflagellates?
- by boiling water or adding iodine
- Name 3 important functions of protists
-
1. food chain
2. they are decomposers
3. symbiotic relationship with other organisms (ex. trichonympha in termite stomach) - Are plantlike protists unicellular or multicellular?
- Unicellular
- how do plantlike protists obtain food?
- they contain chlorophyll to make energy from light (autotrophic)
- Can plantlike protists be autotrophic and heterotrophic?
- Yes
- Euglenophytes have 2 flagella but no
- cell wall
- Euglenophytes have
- chloroplasts
- Euglenophytes are found in what type of environment?
- water
- Name an example of a euglenophyte
- Euglena
- Dinoflagellates are also known as ___________ which are known as "________ ____________"
- pyrrophytes, which are known as "fire protists"
- Luminescent
- Dinoflagellates, "fire protists"
- What color are Chrysophytes?
- yellow green
- What color are chrysophyte's chloroplasts?
- gold colored
- Name Chrysophyte's movement
- flagella or no movement at all
- Store food as oil
- Diatoms
- Most abundant organism on earth
- diatoms
- cell walls are made of silicon
- diatoms
- Make up phytoplanton
- unicellular algae
- small photosynthetic organisms that float on the ocean's surface
- phytoplankton
- What happens when algal blooms?
- they deplete the oxygen from the water, therefore killing animals, called "red tide"
- live deep in the sea
- red algae
- largest algae
- brown algae
- What is a example of brown algae?
- giant kelp
- foundin cool, shallow coastal waters
- brown algae
- similar to plants
- green algae
- this algae lives in fresh and saltwater
- green algae
- Name three example of green algae
- volvox, ulva, spirogyra
- major food source for ocean life
- algae
- Can funguslike protists be cellular and acellular?
- yes
- cellular slime molds have
- cell membranes
- have large fused cells with many nuclei
- acellular
- have cell membranes
- cellular
- white fuzz on dead fish
- water mold
- thrive on dead or decaying organic matter inwater
- water molds
- Name three things that funguslike protists do in the world
-
1. decompose
2. cause mildews and blights on tomatoes and grapes
3. caused the great potato faminein ireland - absorb nutrients from dead and decaying matter
- saprobic
- True or false: half of food in tropical areas is spoiled before it can be eaten
- true
- Fungi is
- heterotrophic
- cell walls are made of
- chitin, a complex carbohydrate found in insect exoskeletons
- how does fungi digest food?
- outside the body and absorbs it
- fungi is unicellular or nulitcellulaer?
- multi except for yeast
- Fungi is made of
- hyphae
- what is hyphae?
- tiny filaments one cell thick
- hyphae together form a
- mycelium
- Name reproduction of fungi
- asexual and sexual
- Spores are produced in
- sporangia
- where are sporangia located?
- on the tips of specialized hyphae
- name the three steps of asexual reproductoin
-
1. cells or hyphaw break off and begin to grow
2. spores are released and scattered
3. Spores are produced in sporangia - is sexual fungi male and female?
- no, positive and negative
- structure that forms gametes
- gametangium
- name a way fungi can spread
- through animals
- true or false: spores are difficult to spread
- false, they spread very easily
- recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organisms
- fungi
- lichen is made of
- an algae and a fungus
- What does the algae do and what does the fungus do in a lichen?
- the algae proves food through photosynthesis and the fungus provides water and minerals
- what does parasitic fungi target?
- animals and plants
- name a disease parasitic fungi brings on plants and animals
-
plant: corn smut, mildew, wheat rust
animal: athlete's foot, ringworm, yeast infection - what makes up the symbiotic relationship of mycorrhiazae?
- plant roots and fungi
- what does the partners in mycorhizae do?
-
the fungi increases surface area for water and mineral uptake
plant gives food from photosynthesis - howmany species of fungi are there?
- 100,000
- what phylum are common molds in?
- Zygomycota
- what is a ex. of zygomycota?
- bread mold
- rootlike hyphae
- rhizoids
- What do rhizoids do?
- attach to bread and use enzymes to digest food
- stemlike hyphae
- stolons
- run along the surface
- stolons
- Sac fungi
- ascomycota
- name an example of a sac fungi
- yeast, cup fungi
- ascus contains
- spores
- yeasts are m or u?
- unicellular
- what give off carbon dioxide?
- yeast
- Basidiomycota
- club fungi
- typical cap mushroom belongs in this one
- club fungi
- Deuteromycota
- imperfect fungi
- What are some products of the imperfect fungi (deuteromycota)
-
penicillin
athlete's foot
ringworm - this does not have sexual reproduction
- imperfect fungi ( deuteromycota)