Reproduction, Endocrine, Internal Defenses
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- What two foods do we obtain vitamin B12 from?
- Red meat and dairy products
- Why is vitamin B12 important?
- It's a coensyme in the production of nucleic acids.
- What two products do we obtain follic acid from?
- Whole grain products, and green, leafy vegies.
- Why is follic acid important?
- Follic acid is a coensyme in amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism.
- What products do we obtain Vitamin C from?
- Fruits and green leafy vegetables
- What Vitamin is important in forming collagen, cement in the bones and teeth, connective tissue of blood vessels, resistance to infection?
- Vitamin C
- ___________helps the production of the thyroid hormone.
- iodine
- Helicobacter pylori weakens mucosa barriers and increases susceptibility to ________.
- ulcers
- What cells secrete HCl?
- parietal cells
- Which type of cells secrete pepsinogen?
- Chief cells
- Pepsinogen is a _____________.
- protein digesting enzyme
- Which hormone regulates HCl levels in stomach?
- gastrin
- _________is partially digested food mixed with gastrin juice.
- chyme
- Perricious anemia is a low ____ Blood Cell count.
- Red
- Goiter hyperthyroidism is over secretion of _________
- thyrxin
- Over secretion of the thyroxin that causes the lack of iodine in the diet is ______________ disease.
- Grave's
- Exophthalmic goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland and protrusion of which body part?
- eye balls
- Hypothyroidism is the _____secretion of the thyroid gland.
- under
- Cretinism is the under secretion of the thyroxin during infancy. It causes _______ and/or _______.
- short stature, mental retardation
- Destroy infected body cells
- T cells
- Label microbes for destruction, secrete antibodies, and produce the humoral response.
- B cells
- WBC's that patrol the bloodstream and ingest bacteria are called _________
- macrophages
- Macrophages also activate the _____cells
- helper T
- The humoral immune response refers to an ant-________
- body
- MHC proteins distinguish ________ cells from _______ cells.
- foreign, self
- antibodies are proteins called ________
- immunoglobulins
- Memory B cells
- patrol body's tissues
- ______cells initiate inflammatory response
- mast
- Histamines increase _______production
- mucus
- Endocrine glands help in the ______process.
- metobalic
-
T or F
Exocrine glands have ducts and are completely enlosed. - F>not completely enclosed
- Neuroendocrine system combines which systems
- Nervous and endocrine
- Negative feedback regulates _______
- hormonal levels
- lgM
- first to be secreted
- lgG
- secondary response
- lgD
- receptors for antigens found on B cell surfaces
- lgA
- found in saliva and mother's milk
- lgE
- produces allergic symptoms
- Two hormones necessary for survival
- parathyroid (regulates calcium) and aldosterone
- Thyroxine increases metabolic rate and promotes ___________
- growth
- fission is division of what type of organism
- protists
- In cnidarians, a separating part of the body into young is called________
- budding
- Union of sperm and egg forms the ______
- zygote
- parthegogenisis is teh virgin birth in _______
- arthropods
- oviparity is when the egg fertilizes internally but is deposited
- externally
- ________is when the fertilized egg (internally) and the embryo recieves nourishment from the egg yold
- ovoviviparity
- When the young gets nourishment from the blood of the mother
- viviparity
- Another way of saying "in heat"
- estrus
- estrous cyle aka _________
- reproductive cycle in females
- induced ovulations in rabbits and cats is when the female ovulates after copulation as a result of reflex stimulation of which hormone?
- LH
-
protogny is female to male as
_______ is from male to female - protandry
- 34 degrees celsius is the temperature of the
- testes
- the sperm matures in the ___________
- epididymis
- The long tubules connecting to teh urethra are the __________
- vas deferens
- Tubes where sperm is made
- seminiferous tubules
- The reproductive and urinary tracts comine at the __________
- urethra
- ovaries are the outer layer of the ___________
- oocytes
- Egg maturation aka __________
- ovulation
- transport ova from ovaries to uterus
- fallopian tubes
- the endometrium _______during menstruation
- sheds
- This hormone triggers the final egg development and produces estrogen
- FSH
- THe follicle is the oocyte and surrounding areas and secretes ________
- estrogen
- This hormone causes ovulation and sends the egg into _______
- fertilization
- The corpus luteum secretes _______ in females
- progesterone
- __________targets teh kidney tubules and maintatins proper balance of sodiuma and potassium ions
- Aldosterone
- _______makes people adapt to long term stress, raises teh blood glucose levels, and mobilizes fat
- cortisol
- Breads, cereals, and grains are all dietary sources for ___________carbs, and candy, ice cream, and soft drinks are dietary sources for ________carbs.
- complex, simple
- These are composed of amino acids, the building material for hair, skin, etc, and are obtained through dairy products, nuts, and cereals.
- proteins
- Used for phospholipid production and is an essential fatty acid. It's in butter, margarine, oils, etc
- linoleic acid
- Peristalsis are rhythmic waves in the ______to swallow.
- esophogus
- Bolus is food that is ________
- chewed
- Pepsinogen and _______cells
- chief
- The small intestine secretes enzymes, the liver sevretes bile, and the pancreas secretes ___________
- sodium bicarbonate
- _______and ________increases the surface area of the small intestine
- villi and microvilli
- mast cells release _________
- histamine
- a tropic hormone
- stimulates other glands
- The excessive growth of the thyroid gland
- goiter
- hyperthyroidism is the over secretion of thyroxin and is also known as ________disease
- Grave's
- Cretinism is mental retardation and short stature due to _________as an infant
- hypothyroidism
- Development of breasts and development during pregnacy (hormone)
- progesterone
- The hormones insulin and glucagen are from which gland
- pancreas
- The parathyroid (PTH) hormone stimulates calcium reabsorbtion and targets the bones, kidneys, and ______
- digestive tract
- Oxytocin (OT)targets the uterus and mammary glands and stimulates the ejaculation of __________
- milk
- Vasopressin (ADH) target the ______
- kidneys
- The hormone prolactin (PRL) sustains the production of this after birth.
- milk
- Thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH)stimulates the secretion of ________hormones
- thyroid
- The hormone Adrenocorticotropic secretes the _________ and cortical hormones
- Adrenal
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the ovarian follicle and secretion of estrogen and in males stimulate the production of what cells?
- sperm
- This hormone stimulates metabolic rate
- thyroid hormone
- _ Cells initaite B and T cell responses
- T
- ________cells kill infected cells
- Cytotoxic
- ________T cells terminate the immune response
- supressor
- ________detect foreign antigen and releases interleukin 1
- macrophages
- After the hypothalamus signals teh pituitary gland to release hormones into the bloodstream, the hormone binds to a receptor cell ant then binds to a receptor proteins which does what?
- changes shape causing the cell to change
- _________release hormones within the body
- endocrine glands