Biology class cells structure
Terms
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- cell
- a membrane-bound structure that is the basic nit of life
- cell membrane
- the lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell
- cell theory
-
the theory that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are
the basic units of organisms, and that cells come only from existing cells - cell wall
-
a rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many
protists, and most bacteria - chloroplast
- a plastid containing chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis
- chromatin
- the DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a nondividing cell
- chromosome
-
DNA and protein in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during
cell division (81) - cilium
-
a short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in
locomotion or in the movement of substances across the cell surface (80) - cytoplasm
-
the region of a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus (75)
) - cytoskeleton
-
a network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps
maintain the shape and size of a eukaryotic cell (79 - endoplasmic reticulum
-
a system of membranous tubules and sacs in
eukaryotic cells that functions as a path along which molecules move from one
part of the cell to another (77) - eukaryote
- a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (72)
- flagellum
-
a hairlike structure made up of microtubules that function in
locomotion (80) - Golgi apparatus
-
a system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies
proteins for export by the cell (78) - integral protein
- a protein imbedded in the bilayer of the cell membrane (74)
- lysosome
-
an organelle containing digestive enzymes, existing primarily in
animal cells (79) - mitochondrion
-
the organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic
cells (76) - microtubule
-
a hollow tube of protein that constitutes the largest strand in the
cytoskeleton (79) - nuclear envelope
-
a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a
eukaryotic cell (80) - nucleus
-
the structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially
assembled; found in most nuclei (81) - nucleolus
-
in a eukaryotic cell, the organelle that contains most of the DNA and
directs the cell's activities (72) - organelle
-
one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is
suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells (71) - peripheral protein
-
a protein attached to the interior or exterior surface of the
cell membrane (74)
protozoan a single-celled, eukaryotic protist that is able to move
independently (84) - plastid
- an organelle of plant cells that contains starch, fats, or pigments (83)
- prokaryote
-
a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles (72) - ribosome
- an organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins (77)
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
-
the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that
contains attached ribosomes (76) - selectively permeable membrane
-
a membrane that keeps out some molecules
but allows others to pass through (73) - smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-
the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that
lacks attached ribosomes (76) - spindle fiber
-
one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic
cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes (79) - vacuole
-
a fluid-filled organelle that stores enzymes or metabolic wastes in a
plant cell (82) - thylakoid
-
a flattened, membranous sac inside a chloroplast; contains most of
the components involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis (83) - active transport
-
the movement of a substance across a cell membrane against a
concentration gradient; requires the cell to expend energy - carrier protein
-
a protein that transports specific substances across a biological
membrane (99) - concentration gradient
-
the difference in concentration of a substance across
space (95) - contractile vacuole
- an organelle in protists that expels water (97)
- cytolysis
- the bursting of a cell (99)
-
the process by which molecules move from an area of greater
concentration to an area of lesser concentration (95) - diffusion
- endocytosis
-
the process by which a cell surrounds and engulfs
substances (103) - equilibrium
-
a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the
same throughout a space (95) - exocytosis
-
a process in which a vesicle inside a cell fuses with the cell
membrane and releases its contents to the external environment (104) - facilitated diffusion
-
a process in which substances move down their
concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier
proteins (99) - hypotonic
-
describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower than that
inside a cell (96 - hypertonic
-
describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that
inside a cell (96) - isotonic
-
describing a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a
cell - ion channel
-
a membrane protein that provides a passageway across the cell
membrane through which an ion can diffuse (100) - plasmolysis
-
passive transport the movement of substances across a cell membrane without
the use of cell energy (95)
the shrinking or wilting of a walled cell in a hypertonic
environment (98) - phagocytosis
-
phagocyte a cell that engages in phagocytosis (104)
a type of in which a cell engulfs large particles or
whole cells (103) - pinocytosis
-
a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs solutes or
fluids (103) - sodium-potassium
-
pump a carrier protein that actively transports K+ ions
into and Na+ ions out of cells (101) - turgor
- pressure water pressure within a plant cell (98)