3/2/06 Drugs
Terms
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- Dextrose - Class
-
carbohydrate
hypertonic solution - Dextrose - Action
- increases blood glucose levels when administered IV
-
Dextrose - Indications
(4) -
hypoglycemia
ALOC
coma of unknown origin
seizure of unkown origin -
Dextrose - Contraindications
(3) -
intracranial hemorrhage
ICP
known or suspected cerebral vascular accident
in the absence of hypoglycemia -
Dextrose - Side effects
(5) -
warmth
pain
burning from med infusion
hyperglycemia
thrombophlebitis - Dextrose - Adult dose
- 12.5 - 25 g slow IV, may be repeated once
- Dextrose - Peds dose
-
1 - 2 mL/kg 50%
2 - 4 mL/kg 25%
5 - 10 mL/kg 10% - Dextrose - Pregnancy class
- Class C
- Dextrose - Notes
- extravasation may cause tissue necrosis. use large vein and aspirate occasionally to ensure route patency
- Epipen - Name
- Epipen
-
Epipen - Action
(10) -
increases heart rate
increases myocardial contractility
increases pulse pressure
increases cardiac output
increases systolic & diastolic BP
increases automaticity
increases systemic vascular resistance
increases workload & O2 consumption
lowers threshold for defibrillation
causes bronchodilation - Epipen - Indications
-
severe anaphylactic shock
asthma -
Epipen - Contraindications
(3) -
age > 45
previous cardiac history
hypovolemia -
Epipen - Side effects
(2) -
lowers threshold for v-fib
can precipitate or exacerbate cardiac ischemia - Epipen - Adult dose
- one injector - 0.3 mg
- Naloxone - Action
-
antagonizes all actions of morphine
displaces narcotics from opioid receptor sites - Naloxone - Onset
- within 2 minutes
- Naloxone - Duration
- 30 - 60 minutes
-
Naloxone - Indications
(3) -
decreased level of conciousness
coma of unknown origin
CNS or respiratory depression induced by opioids - Naloxone - contraindications
- neonates of narcotic dependant mothers
-
Naloxone - Side effects
(7) -
tachycardia
hypertension
dysrhythmias
N/V
diaphoresis
blurred vision
withdrawal - Naloxone - Adult dose
- 0.4 - 2 mg IM/IV/SQ/ET (double ET and flush)
- Naloxone - Peds dose
- 0.04 - 0.16 mg/kg/hr IV/IO/SQ/ET (double ET and flush)
- Naloxone - Pregnancy class
- Class B
- Naloxone - Notes
- administer with caution to narcotic addicts as it may cause withdrawal
- Nitroglycerin - Names
- Nitrostat
- Nitro - Class
- vasodilator
-
Nitro - Action
(4) -
dilates arterioles and veins in the periphery
reduces preload
decreases workload
lowers myocardial O2 demand - Nitro - Onset
- 1 - 3 minutes
- Nitro - Duration
- 30 - 60 minutes
-
Nitro - Indications
(4) -
ischemic chest pain
CHF
hypertensive emergencies
pulmonary hypertension -
Nitro - Contraindications
(5) -
volume depletion
hypotension
head injury
cerebral hemmorhage
recent use of Viagra, Cialis, or Levitra -
Nitro - Side effects
(6) -
transient headache
reflex tachycardia
hypotension
N/V
postural syncope
diaphoresis - Nitro - Dose
- 0.4 mg sublingual or spray
- Nitro - Pregnancy class
- Class C
- Epipen - Peds Dose
- one injector - 0.15 mg