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- Kinetic molecular theory
- the collection of assumptions about the small particles of matter and the space around them.
- chemical elements
- similar groups of atoms that make up pure substances
- molecule
- a tightly bound group of atoms in which the atoms maitain their idenity
- cohesion
- when some molecules of solids and liquids interact, strongly attracting and clinging to each other
- vapor
- used to describe a gas that is usally in the liquid phase
- Formula: kenetic energy
- KE = 1/2 mv2 ( mv2 2 = squared)
- the kinetic energy of molecules can be in what three basic forms
- vibrational, rotational, translational ( invloving the motion of a molecule as a whole)
- what is measure the temperature
- it is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules making up the substance
- Formula for converting temparatures from farhienheit to celsius
- Tf = 9/5 Tc + 32
- Absolute scale or Kelvin scale
- a temp scale that does not have arbitrarily assigned reference points and zero does mean nothing
- absolute zero
- lowest temp possible occuring when all random motion of molecules has ceased
- absolute zero as written
- 0K as in 0 kelvins
- 0 k equals
- -273*C
- formula between the absolute scale and celsius scale
- Tk = Tc + 273
- external energy
- the total potential and kinetic energy of an everyday sized object
- heat
- total internal energy of molecules which is increased by gaining energy from a temperature difference or by gaining energy from a form conversion
- internal energy
- the total kinetic and potential energy of the molecules of an object
- calorie
- the amount of energy or heat needed to increase the temp of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius
- kilocalorie
- amount of energy needed to increase the temp of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree celsius
- BTU British thermal unit
- amount of energy or heat needed to increase the temp of 1 pound of water 1 degree farienhiet
- quad
- 1 quadrillion btu or 10 to the 15 btu
- 1 cal
- 4.184 J
- 1 Kcal
- 4184 J
- specific heat
- the amount of energy or heat needed to increase the temp of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree celsius
- formula for specific heat
- Q = mc/\t
- insulators
- poor heat conducters
- convection
- transfer of heat by a large scale displacement of groups of molecules with retalivty higher kinetic energy
- radiation
- form of energy moving through space
- phase change
- when a solid liquid or gas changes from one phase to another
- latent heat
- hidden heat
- sublimation
- solid gas phase change
- latent heat of fusion (Lf)
- quantity of heat absorbed without a temp change
- latent heat of vaporization (Lv)
- heat involved in a liquid gas phase change where there is evaporation or condensation
- formula ( latent heat of fusion)
- Q = mLf
- formula ( latent heat of vaporization)
- Q = mLv
- simple harmonic motion
- the vibratory motion that occurs when there is a restoring force opposite to and proportional to a displacement
- amplitude
- the extent of displacement from the equlibrium position
- cycle
- a complete vibration- movement from one point back to the point again
- period
- time required to complete one cycle
- frequency
- number of cycles per second
- hertz
- unit frequency is measured in
- wave
- pulses and periodic vibrations
- longitudnal wave
- disturbances that causes particles to move closer together or father apart in the same direction that the wave is moving
- transverse wave
- disturbance that causes motion perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving
- frequency formula
- T = 1/f
- condensation
- pulse of jammed together molecules
- rarefaction
- pulse of thinned out molecules
- infrasonic
- longitudinal waves with frequency less 20 Hz
- ultrasonic
- longitudinal waves with frequency above 20,000 Hz
- wavelength
- the length in which a wave repeats itslef
- speed formula
- v = distance / time
- wave formula
- v= \ F
- velocity of sound at different temp (formula)
-
Vtp (m/s) = Vo (.60 m/s / C)(Tp)
Vtp (ft/s) = Vo (2.0 ft/s / C) (Tp) - wave front
- the same part in each wave in spherical waves
- boundary
- division between two physical conditions
- refraction
- the bending of a wave front between boundaries
- reverbration
- mixing of sound with reflections
- specific heat of water
- 1
- formula for open tube
-
Fn (nv/2L)
where n = 1, 2, 3, etc - formula for closed tube
-
fn = nv/4L
where n = 1, 3, 5, 7