Disorders of Cardiac Function
Terms
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- Mitral Stenosis - pathphys
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the mitral valve narrows obstructing blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle during diastole
fibrous tissue replaces normal valve tissue causeing valve to stiffen and fuse - Cause of Mitral Stenosis
- generally caused by rheumatic heart disease or bacterial endocarditis - it is chronic and progressive
- Left Heart Failure - pathphys
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decreased contractility
pulmonary congestion
poor pulses - Left Heart Failure - Med goals
- Restore O2 balance
- Left Heart Failure - Nursing Priorities
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Activity tolerance
Fluid balance - Right Heart Failure - path phys
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decreased contractility
peripheral edema
JVD - Right Heart Failure - Med goals
- Improve RV function
- Right Heart Failure - Nursing Priorities
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Oxygenation
Fluid balance - Hypertension - path phys
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Increased afterload
BP > 139/89 - Hypertension - Med goal
- Decrease BP
- Hypertension - Nursing Priorities
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Education - meds, diet, exercise
Smoking
Monitor BP - Arterial Insufficiency - path phys
- Inadequate perfusion to tissues - pallor, pain, no pulse, trophic changes
- Arterial Insufficiency - Med goal
- Restore perfusion
- Arterial Insufficiency - Nursing Priorities
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Education - meds, exercise, smoking
Monitor perfusion - Venous Insufficiency - path phys
- Reflux blood through vein valves, edema, aching discomfort
- Venous Insufficiency - Med goals
- relieve venous congestion
- Venous Insufficiency - Nursing Priorities
- Education - clothing, elevate legs, exercise, compression
- DVT
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Path phys - obstruction in large vein swelling, pain, warmth
Med goals - relieve obstruction
Nursing Priorities - decrease edema, prevent embolus - Buerger's disease
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path phys - inflammation of arteries, decreased arterial perfusion
Med goals - restore perfusion, treat gangrene
Nursing Priorities - Education smoking, exercise, meds - Reynaud's Disease
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pathphys - spasm arteries with intermittent ischemia, color changes with ischemia
Med goals - prevent spasms
Education - triggers, prevent complications