14. Mendel and the Gene Idea
Terms
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- pleiotropy
- When genes have multiple phenotypic effects
- quantitative characters
- Characters that do not have an either-or classification, like skin color
- incomplete dominance
- When the phenotype is somewhere between the two parental varieties
- complete dominance
- When one allele completely suppresses the expression of another
- amniocentesis
- Genetic test that can be performed on the fetus from 14th to 16th week of pregnancy to detect some genetic disorders by extrating amniotic fluid
- polygenic inheritance
- The additive effect of two or more genes on a single genotype
- multifactorial
- Characters that are affected by many genetic and environmental factors
- law of independent assortment
- Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other alleles during gamete formation
- Huntington's disease
- A degenerative disease of the nervous system caused by a dominant allele
- epistasis
- When one gene alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus
- chorionic villus sampling
- A technique for genetic testing of a fetus by sucking out a piece of the placenta, is more rapid than amniocentesis
- norm of reaction
- The range of phenotypic possibilities taking into account environmental influences
- true-breeding
- Varieties of plants that, when self-pollinate, produce offspring of all the same trait
- law of segregation
- Two alleles separate during gamete formation
- codominance
- When two alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
- hybridization
- The mating of two true-breeding varieties
- consanguineous mating
- Mating between two close relatives