Chapter 6 Genes
Terms
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- Quantitative Traits
- multifactorial traits; influenced by more than one gene
- Random Fertilization
- source of genetic variation caused by the unlimited number of possible sperm & egg combinations
- Genes
- sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
- Sperm
- the male reproductive cell
- Gametes
- Reproductive cells developed from precursor cells in ovaries and testes
- Zygote
- the cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell)
- Heterozygous
- having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
- Mutation
- occurs when chromosomes are copied during the production of sperm or eggs.
- Homologous Pair
- in diploid cells, a pair of identical chromosomes
- Continuous Variation
- Variation measured on a continuum rather than in discrete units or categories (eg height in human beings).
- Polygentic Traits
- to be controlled by two or more genes
- Fertilization
- creation by the physical union of male and female gametes
- Dizygotic
- Nonidentical twins or fraternal twins are called _________
- Phenotype
- what an organism looks like as a consequence of its genotype
- Alleles
- alternative versions of a gene are called _______
- Independent Assortment
- the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes
- Genotype
- the particular alleles at specified loci present in an organism
- Monozygotic Twins
- Identical twins produced from a single fertilized egg; thus MZ twins have identical genotypes.