us hist ch. 4
Terms
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- Reasons why British joined Spain and Portugal in the exploration of the New World:
- 1. To bring gold to the crown 2. To spread Christianity 3. To grow in power
- Self-governing colony
- Choose their own governors but still functioned under support of the king.
- defeat of the Spanish Armada by the British 1588:
- Spain is declining as a world power and of it's domination in North America. Sparks a feeling of nationalism within England and signals beginning of England domination of the seas
- Reasons why British felt ready to explore:
- 1. British population steadily growing 2. economic depression in the wool industry = overcrowding of cities 3. British defeats the Irish allows more concentration on exploration 4. want market for their goods 5. people want religious freedom 6. join-stock
- primogeniture
- old feudal law where only the firstborn son can inherit the family wealth
- Results of the economic depression in the wool industry in England 1550s
- overcrowding of cities and jails with job seekers and debtors
- During the Protestant Reformation, Henry VIII:
- broke with the Catholic Church and gave rise to a religious conflict
- joint stock company
- Organization in which investors pool their money for a share of the profits. Provide financial support for going to the New World. Responsible for Jamestown and Plymouth.
- proprietary colony
- Owned by a person or group who appointed the governor for the colony
- royal colony
- controlled by the crown
- Sir Walter Raleigh
- Made attempt to establish an English Colony off coast of Virginia on Raonoke Island - "Lost Colony" - settlement disappeared around 1591
- Virginia Company of London
- joint stock company. 1607: recieved a charter from James I to settle into the New World. English settlers guaranteed same rights in New World as in England.
- Captain John Smith
- Took command of Jamestown and forced everyone to work for food. Helped save settlers lives
- The situation in Jamestown:
- [proprietary colony] The weather is bad; 60/100 men alive; they face diseas, malnutrition, starvation, and attacks from Indians
- The Anglo-Powhatan War 1622
- War between the Powhatan Tribe and the British. The Second one leads to the loss of the Powhatan tribe'slands