Chapter 5 set 1; set 2
Terms
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- peloponnesian war
- war between Sparta and Athens that broke out in 431 BC and lasted for 27 years
- Acropolis
- a highhill that marked the center of ancient Athens
- Greek geography
- 1. Short mountain ranges 2. short rivers
- rhetoric
- study of public speaking and debating
- Hoplite
- heavily armed Greek infantry who carried long spears and fought in closely spanced rows
- helots
- conquered people of the peloponnesus, who became the lowest class in spartan society
- homer
- a blind poet who is said to have written the Illiad and the Odyssey
- cleisthenes
- seized power in Athens and turned it into a democracy
- terracing
- carving small, flat plots of land from hillsides to use for farming
- direct democracy
- form of democracy in which all citizens participate directly in making decisions
- delian league
- Alliance of city-stants in ancient Greece, with Athens as a leader
- ephors
- five officials in ancient Sparta who were elected for one-year terms to make sure the king stayed within the law
- draco
- created Athens first written law code
- ethics
- long poems based on historical or religious themes
- mycenaeans
- civilizationon the Greek mainland that conquered the Minoans in Crete in about 1400BC
- pericles
- a great general, orator, and statesman who held public office or was active in public life
- agora
- marketplace in a city-state in Greece
- pedagogue
- in ancient Greece, a male slave who taught a young boy manners
- sophists
- Athenian men who opened schools for boys to study government, mathematics, ethics, and rhtoric
- macedonia
- a land conquered by Darius
- sparta
- a civilization lovarted in a valley rather than a hill; not surrounded by walls for defense; rigid and highly militarized society
- representative democracy
- form of government in which citizens elect representatives to run the government for them, rather than each citizen serving directly in the government
- solon
- an archon who settled disputes between creditors and debators by erasing the debys of the poor and outlawing slavery. he also freed people who had become slaves. and divided all citizens into four groups based on wealth. set up a court made up of jr. citizens
- four characteristics of a polis
- covered a small area of land; population of mostly slaves and toher non citizens; the original for was built on an acropolis or hill; had an agora or a market place or meeting place
- democracy
- government in which citizens take part
- xerxes
- led a huge persian army and fleet against Greece
- Polis
- Greek word for city-state, which developed around a central fort
- peisistrantus
- ruled over athens as a tyrant
- athens
- a civilization lovated on the Attic peninsula, one of the least fertile areas in Greece which made them sea traders. there were three groupds of athens: citizens, metics, and slaves
- tyrants
- in ancient Greece, rulers who seized power by force but who ruled with the people's support; later came to refer to rulers who exercised brutal and oppressive power
- popular government
- the idea that people can and should rule themselves
- results of peloponnesian war
- Asian minor was now freed from persian rule; persian empire remained powerful;gave greeks confidence;athens began to create its own empire
- persian wars
- conflicts between Greece and Persia
- battle of thermopylae
- Battle during the Persian wars in which Spartan troops fought to the death against a much larger Persian force
- minoans
- earliest Greek civilization that had developed on the island of Crete by 2000BC
- main aspects of Greek culture
- had a polis; fishing economy; couldnt all together have a sense of unity
- spartan government
- several parts: 1. 2 kings 2. council of elders 3. assembly 4. ephors