WHS and Genetics
Terms
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- Junk DNA
- a region of DNA that usually consists of a repeating DNA sequence, does not code for protein, and has no known function
- X Chromosome
- a sex chromosome that usually occurs paired in each female cell and single in each male cell in species in which the male typically has two unlike sex chromosomes
- Gene
- specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome
- DNA Virus
- a virus whose genome consists of DNA
- Chromosome
- any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism; also : the genetic material of a virus
- Transfer RNA
- a relatively small RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation
- Satellite DNA
- a fraction of a eukaryotic organism's DNA that differs in density from most of its DNA as determined by centrifugation, that consists of short repetitive nucleotide sequences, that does not undergo transcription, and that is often found in centromeric regions
- Gene Pool
- the collection of genes in an interbreeding population that includes each gene at a certain frequency in relation to its alleles : the genetic information of a population of interbreeding organisms
- Y Chromosome
- a sex chromosome that is characteristic of male cells in species in which the male typically has two unlike sex chromosomes
- Mitochondrial DNA
- an extranuclear double-stranded DNA found exclusively in mitochondria that in most eukaryotes is a circular molecule and is maternally inherited —abbreviation mtDNA
- Cell Body
- the nucleus-containing central part of a neuron exclusive of its axons and dendrites
- Recombinant DNA
- genetically engineered DNA usually incorporating DNA from more than one species of organism
- Ribosomal RNA
- RNA that is a fundamental structural element of ribosomes
- DNA Polymearse
- any of several polymerases that promote replication or repair of DNA usually using single-stranded DNA as a template
- RNA virus
- a virus (as a paramyxovirus or a retrovirus) whose genome consists of RNA
- Ribosome
- any of the RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis
- Messenger RNA
- an RNA produced by transcription that carries the code for a particular protein from the nuclear DNA to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and acts as a template for the formation of that protein
- Blood Cell
- a cell normally present in blood
- DNA Fingerprinting
- a technique used especially for identification (as for forensic purposes) by extracting and identifying the base-pair pattern in an individual's DNA
- RNA polymearse
- any of a group of enzymes that promote the synthesis of RNA using DNA or RNA as a template
- RNA
- any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities
- Chromatin
- complex of nucleic acid and basic proteins (as histone) in eukaryotic cells that is usually dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis
- DNA
- any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular basis of heredity, are constructed of a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases which project inward from two chains containing alternate links of deoxyribose and phosphate, and that in eukaryotes are localized chiefly in cell nuclei