Chapter One Science Cells and Heredity
Terms
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- chloroplasts
- these organelles capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.
- nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids are very large organic molecules made up of C, O, H, N, and P. Nucleic Acids contain all the instuctions to carry out all the fuctions of life
- cell wall
- a stiff wall surrounds the cell membrane giving the cell and rigid boxlike shape.
- Enzyme
- An Enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.
- What are the building blocks of proteins?
- Amino Acids
- Substances that can move into and out of a cell do so by one of these three methods. What are they?
- diffusion, osmosis, active tansport
- Ribonucleic acids
- plays an important role in the production of proteins.
- Deoxyribonucleic Acids
- the genentic material that carries information about an organism that is passed form parent to offspring.
- Compound microscope
- A light microscope that has more than one lens
- selectivly premable
- which means that some substances ca pass through wile others cannot.
- Microscope
- an instrument that makes small objects look larger
- What did Robert Hooke do?
- He invented the firse compound microscope
- Diffusion
- is the process by which molecules tend to moce from an area of hogher concentraction to an area of lower concentraction.
- active tansport
- thw movement of material through a cell membrane using energy.
- Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
- A Stm measures electrons that leak or "tunnel" from the surface of a specimen.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Theis metwoek of passafe ways carries materials from one part of the cell to another.
- passive transport
- the movement of materials through a cell membranr without using energy
- What is the main difference between active transport and passive transport?
- Active transport requires the cell to use energy while passive transport does not.
- Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
- TEMs make images be sending electrons through a very thinly sliced specimen
- chromatin
- thin strands floating in the nucleus, contain the genetic material, the insturctions that direct the function of a cell.
- What is the cell theroy?
-
The cell theroy is
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
All cells are produced from other cells. - compound
- where two or more element are chemically combined
- ribosomes
- These small structures function as factories to produce proteins. Ribosomes may be attached to the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum, or they may float free in the cytoplasm.
- Some cells that are carried into and out of the cells are calicum, potassium, and sodium
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- Lysosomes
- These small organelles found in many animal cells contain chemicals that break down food particles and worn out cell parts.
- Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
- This Microscope sends a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen rather than through it.
- inorganic compounds
- compounds that do not contain carbon
- Engulfing
- first the cell surrounds or First the cell membrane engulfs a particle. Once the particle is engulfed the cell membrane pinches off and forms a vacuole within the cell.
- molecule
- the smallest unit in a compound
- Nucleus
- Directs all of the cells activities including reproduction.
- magnification
- the ability to make things look larger that they are.
- The four most important organic compounds
- lipids, proteins, arbohydrates, nucleic acids.
- golgi body
- The golgi bosies receive materials through the and send them to other parts of the cell.
- Mitochondria
- Most of the cell's energy is produced within these rod-shaped organelles.
- organic compounds
- compounds that contain carbon
- Cells
- the basic units of structure and function in living things
- vacuole (in plants)
- Most mature plant cells have a vacuole. The sac within the cytoplasm stores water, food, waste, and other materials.
- Nucleolus
- where ribosomes are produced
- How do the lens or lenses in a light microscope magnify and object?
- By bending the light that passes through them
- carbohydrates
-
are energy rich organic compounds made up of the elements C, H, O. Sugars and starches ate examples of carbohyrates.
- atom
- the smallest unit of an element
- Convex lens
- A lens where the middle is thicker then that around the rim
- resoultuion
- The ability to clearly distinguish the individual part of an object. Resoultion is another term for th sharpness of an image.
- Amino Acids
- protein molecules made up of smaller molecules called amino acids.
- What are the two exceptions to inorganic compounds?
- Carbon dioxide and Carbon monoxide
- Dobacterial cell have a cell wall and a cell membrane or a nucleus
- NO.
- cell membrane (in plants)
- The cell membrane protects ythe cell and regulates what substances enter and leave the cell.
- cytoplasm
- the cytoplasm is the area between the cell membrane and the nucleus. it contains a gel-like fluid in which many different organelles are found.
- Cell membrane (in animal cells)
- Since an animal cell does not have a cell wall the cell membrane forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environmentoutside the cell.
- Lipids
- Lipids are energy rich organic compounds made up of C, H, O,. An example of a lipid is a fat, butter, oil, wax
- Proteins
- are large organic molecules made of C, H, O, N, and in some cases S. some examples of protein meat eggs fish nuts and beans
- Most Chemical reactions would not take place within cells without...
- WATER
- osmosis
- the diffusion of water molecules througfh a selectly premable membreane
- element
- any substance that can be broken down ito a simplier substances
- organelles
- tiny cell structures