Biology Final Exam

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A woman who belongs to blood group A and is Rh positive has a daughter who is O positive and a son who is B negative. Genotype for mom?: I A iRr
A woman who belongs to blood group A and is Rh positive has a daughter who is O positive and a son who is B negative. Phenotype for father?: B positive
Would be used to produce exact duplicates of a rare organism...: Asexual Reproduction
A woman who belongs to blood group A and is Rh positive has a daughter who is O positive and a son who is B negative. Genotype for son?: I B irr
In most cells, chromosomes are visible with a light microscope only during...: Mitosis
At the begining of mitosis, a chromosome consists of two...: sister chromatids.
The rate at which a cell uses its food and oxygen and produces wastes depends on the cell\'s...: Volume
The rate at which materials enter and leave theough the cell membrane is dependent upon the cell\'s...: Surface Area
As a cell grows, its volume increases___than its surface area.: faster
What proportion of offspring of the cross BbTtxBBtt will have black fur and long tails? (B) is black (T) is short tail: 8/16
If an organism\'s genotype is HhTt, what is one of its gametes?: HT
Results in cells or organisms that are gentically different...: Sexual Reproduction
Uses the process of mitosis...: Asexual Reproduction
About 60% of genetic disorders in dogs are similar to human genetic dieases. True or False: True
One person in a couple has a disorder, what is the chance they have a child with it?: 50%
A monohybrid cross?: Breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one trait.
It is more difficult to trace patterns of inheritance in purebred dogs. True or False?: False
Genotype of apparently normal female, condition only diagnosed by genetic testing...: XXX
Genotype of Kleinefelter\'s Syndrome male...: XXY
Genotype of Turner\'s Syndrome female...: XO
The extra chromosome in Down Syndrome is usually caused by...: Nondisjunction (non-separation)
Meiosis takes longer in the ovary, increasing the likelihood of error resulting in which disorder?: Down Syndrome
For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of materal and parental chromosomes are possible for the gametes?: More than 8 million
A Doo has a diploid number of 10. A Dad has a diploid number of 12. If the two species interbreed, how many chromosomes will the Doo-Dad have?: 11
What theory represents teh idea that particles called pangenes originating in each part of an organism\'s body collect the sperm or eggs and are passed to the next generation...: Pangenesis (developed by Hippocrates)
Varieties of plants in which self-fertilization produces offspring that are identical to the parents are referred to as: true-breeding
Sexual reproduction increses genetics variation by allowing___combinations of___on a chromosome.: new, chromosomes
A human cell that contains 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes could be...: A unfertilized egg cell.
Homologous chromosomes?: Have genes for the same traits at the same loci
Which carries identical genetic info?: Sister chromatids
If an animal\'s skin cells have 36 chromosomes, its sperm cells would have...: 18 chromosomes
What is a karyotype?: Pictorial display of an individual\'s chromosomes.
Sexual reproduction increses genetics variation by producing___with different___of parental chromosomes.: gametes, combinations
Sexual reproduction increses genetics variation by allowing the___of chromosomes from__different individuals.: combinations,two
If a parent cell has 24 chromosomes in an animal cell in G1, what is the diploid number of chromosomes for this organism?: 24
If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, mitosis will produce ___daughter cells with ___chromosomes in each nucleus.: 2, 16
If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, meiosis will produce___daughter cells with ___chromosomes in each nucleus.: 4, 8
Synapsis and crossing over occur during which phase of meiosis?: Prophase I
A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and one Y chromosome could be...: A sperm cell
Most human cells contain ___chromosomes: 46
In humans, the chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called...: Autosomes
Sisterchromatids are pulled apart in...: Meiosis II
Tetrads align at the metaphase plate in...: Meiosis I
DNA is duplicated in...: Meiosis I
Homologous chromosomes synapse in...: Meiosis I
Phases of meiosis that cause the most variation in the resulting daughter cells are...: Prophase I and Metaphase I
True or False? Animals that extract food particles suspended in the surrounding water are called fluid feeders.: False
What is the main function of the gizzard?: Grind food
Crop is to some animal digestive systems as the ___ is to the human digestive system?: Stomach
Humans and most other animals are A. Bulk feeders B. Substrate feeders C. Suspension feeders D. Fluid feeders: A. Bulk feeders
Digestion is the A.absoption of nutrients B. conversion of glycogen to glucose. C. chemical and mechanical breakdown of food. D. churning of food in the stomach and intestine.: C. chemical and mechanical breakdown of food.
Which of the following is the stage of food processing that removes undigested material from the body?: Elimination
Which of the following has a gastrovascular cavity? A. jellyfish B. earthworm C. human D. grasshopper E. bird: A. jellyfish
A tube-shaped digestive compartment that has two openings and through which food moves in one direction?: Alimentary canal
Put the following in order: Large intestine, small intestine, oral cavity, esopagus, pharynx, stomach.: Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
Human saliva does not digest...: Proteins, but it does starch
A flap of cartilage that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing?: Epiglottis
The Heimlich maneuver does not...: Keep blood flowing to the brain.
Reflux of acid chyme from the stomach into the lower esophagus?: Heart burn
The stomach produces all except... A. mucus B. pesinogen C. pepsin D. hydrochloric acid E. lactic acid: E. lactic acid
When the wall of the stomach fails to protect itself from digestion, what occurs?: A gastric ulcer
What four things prevent gastric juice from digesting the stomach lining?: Mucus lining, Mitosis generating new cells to produce new lining, gastric juice is not continuously secreted and gastrin converts pepsin into pepsinogen by chain reaction.
Function of the pyloric sphincter?: Release acid chyme into the duodenum in periodic squirts.
Gastric ulcers ae caused by?: The bacterium H. pylori
Nutrient absorption occurs most in which part of the digestive system?: Small intestine
Lining in the intestine has surface projections that increase surface area for absorption. These projections are called?: Villi
Bile from the liver is stored in the___before entering the intestine.: Gallbladder
Which digestive organ produces digestive enzymes and a solution rich in bicarbonate?: The pancreas
Fat begins digestion in...: The small intestine
Which absorbd water as a major function?: Large intestine
What percentage of water is reabsorbed by the alimentary canal?: 90%
True or false? A tadpole\'s intestines are shorter, relative to its body size, than an adult frog\'s intestines?: False
All animals must obtain what 3 things?: Essential nutrients, fuel to power activity and organic raw materials to make the animal\'s own molecules
Malnourishment?: Lacking one or more of the essential nutrients
Why are certain amino acids called \"essential\"?: They cannot be made from other amino acids by the animal in question.
True or false? Vitamins are major sources of dietary calories?: False
Which vitamins can be stored in fatty tissues for future use?: Vitamins A, D, E and K
Hormone that controls one\'s appetite?: Leptin
Reduced risk of cardivascular disease?: High levels of HDL
Energy needed to fuel essntial body processes is called?: Basal metabolic rate
Carbs are broken down into what when digested?: Monosaccharides
When digested, nucleic acids are broken down into?: Nucleotides
What is the name given to the starch-digesting enzyme secreted by the salivary glands?: Amylase
Bile helps break down digestion of fats by?: Breaking large droplets of fat, increasing surface area for enzyme action.
Different forms of a gene are called?: Alleles
Example of a homozygous genotype?: AAbb
How did Medel\'s studies differ from his contemporaries?: Kept carful records and analyzed the data statistically
LL and Ll have the same...: Phenotype (they will look alike)
Segrgation of genes occurs during...: Anaphase I
In a Punnett square, each square represents...: Possible offspring genotypes
If a each person in a couple carries a disorder and have two children with it, what is the possibility the next one will have it?: 25%
A genetic cross between an individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive in known as...: A test cross
When plants with white flowers are crossed with plants with pink flowers, what percent of the offspring will have pink flowers?: 50%
What was the most significant conclusion Mendel drew from his research?: Traits are inherited in discrete units, one from each parent.
the law of independent assortment does not apply to genes that are...: on the same chromosome.

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Created By stargazer00742