AP Bio-Chapter 8 Quiz
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- What are the types of reproduction?
- Asexual and sexual
- Asexual Reproduction
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-Production of offspring by a single parent
-Binary fission
-preformed by bacteria, protists, and fungi - Sexual Reproduction
- -Sperm and egg each carry one set of genetic information
- Who developed the cell theory?
- Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow
- What is the cell theory?
-
-Cells are the basic unit of life
-All living organisms are composed of cells
-Cells only come from preexisting cells - What does cell reproduction ensure?
- The continuty of life from generation to generation
- What does cell reproduction make possible?
- A ferilized egg to develop through various embryonic stages and into an adult
- How do prokaryotes reproduce?
- Through binary fission
- How does binary fission work?
-
-Genes are carried on circular DNA
-Chromosomes are duplicated.
-Cells divide into two identical copies - How many genes do the chromosomes of prokaryotes carry?
- about 3000
- What are the chromosomes made of?
-
60% protein
40% DNA - How many genes do the chromosomes of eukaryotes carry?
- about 100000
- What are chromosome composed of?
- Chromatin
- What is chromatin?
- A combination of DNA and histone proteins.
- What happens when chromatin coils up?
- It forms distinct chromosomes
- What happens before cell divison?
- The chromosomes divide into two copies forming sister chromatids
- What type of gene do the sister chromatids contain?
- Identical genes
- What holds the sister chromatids together and where?
- A centromere in the middle
- What is a centromere?
- A protein disk
- What is the G0 phase?
- The phase for cells that do not replicate such as muscle and nerve cells
- What is the G1 phase?
-
-Period before DNA synthesis begins
-Time when cell increases its supply of proteins, organelles, and grows in size - What is the S phase?
-
-Phase when DNA synthesis occurs
-At the beginning each chromosome is single and at the end there are two sister chromatids - What is the G2 phase?
-
-Spans the time from the completion of DNA synthesis to the onset of cell division
-Time of metabolic activity (proteins are made for cell divison) - What is the M phase?
-
-mitosis
-nulceus and its content divide and are evenly distributed to form two daughter nuclei
-chromosomes are visible - What is the C phase?
-
-cytokinesis
-usually begins before mitosis is complete
-division of cytoplasm - What happens during propahse?
-
-nucleus disappears
-chromosomes condense
-spindle fibers form
-centrioles move to poles - What do the spindle fibers do?
- Help to move chromosomes
- What do the centrioles do?
- Help form spindle fibers
- Where are centrioles found?
- In animal cells
- What happens during metaphase?
-
-chromosomes line up in a single file line in middle of cell
-spindle fibers span length of cell
-kinecticore connencts spindle fibers to centromere - What happens during anaphase?
-
-sister chromatids seperate
-spindle fibers shorten
-cell elongates - What happens during telophase?
-
-opposite pf propahse
-nucleus forms
-chromosomes loosen
-spindle fibers disappear
-centrioles move back to the middle of the cell