January Study Flash Cards
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Observation
- The process of using one or more of your senses to gather information.
- Qualitative Observation
- An observation that deals with characteristics that cannot be expressed in numbers.
- Quantitative Observation
- An observation that deals with a number or account.
- Inference
- The process of making an inference, It an interpretation based on observations and prior knowledge.
- Hypothesis
- A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question; Must be testable.
- Variable
- A factor in an experiment that can change.
- Controlled experiment
- An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time.
- Manipulated variable
- The one factor that a scientist changes in an experiment; also called a independent variable.
- Responding variable
- The factor that changes as a result of changes to the manipulated, or independent, variable in a n experiment; also called dependent variable.
- Data
- Facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations.
- Cell
- The basic unit of function and structure in living things.
- Organelle
- A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
- Element
- Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
- Compound
- Two or more elements that are chemically combined.
- Carbohydrate
- An energy-rich organic compound made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Lipid
- Energy-rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Protein
- Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
- Amino acid
- A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins.
- Enzyme
- A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in a living thing.
- Producer
- An organism that can make its own food.
- Seed
- The plant structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering.
- Stem
- The above ground structure of a plant that supports leaves and flowers and contains vascular tissue.
- Vascular tissue
- The internal transporting tissue in some plants that is made up of tubelike structures.
- Stamen
- A male reproductive part of a flower.
- Sepals
- A leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower.
- Eukaryote
- An organism whose cell contains nuclei.
- Conjugation
- The process in which a unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic material to another unicellular organism.
- Sexual reproduction
- A reproduction process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents.
- Nutrient
- Substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy a body needs to carry out all its essential processes.
- Nucleic acid
- Very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
- DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic materal that carries information about an organism ans is passed from parent to offspring.
- RNA
- Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins.
- Organic compound
- A compound that contains carbon.
- inorganic compound
- a compound that does not contain carbon.
- diffusion
- The process by which molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
- osmosis
- The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
- active transport
- The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy.
- photosynthesis
- The process in which some organisms use water along with sunlight and carbon dioxide to make their own food.
- respiration
- The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain.
- autotroph
- An organism that makes its own food.
- heterotroph
- An organism that cannot make its own food.
- Mitosis
- The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.
- Interphase
- The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs.
- cytokinesis
- The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.
- DNA replication
- The process of copying a double stranded DNA molecule.
- vitamin
- Molecules that act as helpers in a variety of chemical reactions within the body.
- mineral
- Nutrients that are needed by the body in small amounts and are not made by living things.
- consumer
- An organism that obtains energy by feeding off other organisms.
- decomposer
- An organism that breaks down chemicals from wastes and dead organisms, and returns important materials to the soil and water.
- root
- In vascular plants, the organ of a plant that typically lies beneath the soil.
- leaves
- part of a plant that is used for photosynthesis and to store nutrients and water.
- Angiosperm
- A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective cover.
- Pistil
- The female part of a plant
- Petals
- Part of a flower that protects the seed and is held up by the sepals.
- Prokaryote
- an organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and some other cell structures.
- binary fission
- A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells.
- Asexual reproduction
- a reproduction process that involves only one parent that creates two offspring that are identical to the parent.
- fat/oil
- Energy-containing nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
- good job
- good job