The Cell 2
Terms
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- Excretion
- The removal of soluble waste materials (168)
- Isotonic solution
- A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution (185)
- Leucoplasts
- Organelles that store starches or oils (175)
- Messenger RNA
- The RNA that performs transcription (195)
- Plasmolysis
- A collapse of the cell's cytoplasm due to lack of water (185)
- Phospholipd
- A lipid in which one of the fatty acide molecules has been replaced by a molecule which contains a phosphate group (181)
- Waste vacuoles
- Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion (176)
- Active transport
- Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a chemical process (184)
- Homeostasis
- Maintaining the status quo in a cell (168)
- Hypertonic solution
- A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell which resides in the solution (185)
- Lysosome
- The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions which break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids (173)
- Passive transport
- Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion (184)
- Nuclear membrane
- A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm (178)
- Middle lamella
- The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells (171)
- Mitochondria
- The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy (173)
- Phagocytic vacuole
- A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs (176)
- Phagocytosis
- The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells (176)
- Pinocytic vesicle
- Vesicle formed at the plasma membrance to allow the absorption of large molecules (177)
- Plasma membrance
- The semipermeable membrance between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings (172)
- Reproduction
- Producing more cells (168)
- Respiration
- The breakdown of food molecules with a relsease of energy (167)
- Ribosomes
- Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis (174)
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- ER that is dotted with ribosomes (174)
- Secretion
- The release of biosynthesized substances for use by other cells (168)
- Secretion vesicle
- Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released (177)
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- ER that has no ribosomes (175)
- Transcription
- The process in which mRNA produces a negative of a strand of DNA (195)
- Translation
- The process by which proteins are formed in the ribosome according to the negative in mRNA (197)
- Chromoplasts
- Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis (175)
- Codon
- A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that refer to a specific type of amino acid (196)
- Cytology
- The study of cells (169)
- Cytolysis
- The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure (185)
- Cytoplasm
- A jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended (172)
- Cytoplasmic streaming
- The motion of the cytoplasm which results in a coordinated movement of the cell's organelles (173)
- Digestion
- The breakdown of absorbed substances (167)
- Egestion
- The removal of non-soluble waste materials (168)
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes which perform serveral tasks with a cell (174)
- Golgi bodies
- The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell (175)
- Ions
- Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons (172)
- Microtubules
- Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a rope-like structure (177)
- Absorption
- The transport of dissolved substances into cells (167)
- Activation energy
- Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going (188)
- Anticondon
- A three-nucleoctide sequence on tRNA (195)
- Cell Wall
- A rigid substance on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells (171)
- Central vacuole
- A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution which contains a high concentration of solutes (176)
- Chromatin
- Clusters of DNA and proteins in the nucleus (178)