Biology (Concepts & Connections) Ch 8
Terms
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- Mitosis occurs in __________ cells and Meiosis occurs in___________ cells.
- Mitosis occurs in BODY (somatic) cells, and Meiosis occurs in GERM (mother sperm cells; mother egg cells) cells.
- The number of DNA molecules in a duplicated chromosome is_____
- 2
- What are the 3 steps in the cell cycle?
-
1. Interphase
2. Cell division (mitosis or meiosis)
3. Cytokinesis - Name the 1st stage of Interphase and its activity.
- the first phase is G1 and its activity is Organelles duplicated
- Name the three stages of Interphase.
-
1. G2
2. S
3. G2 - Name the activity of the 1st stage of Interphase G1.
- Organelles duplicated
- Name the activity of the 2nd phase of Interpahse S.
- DNA (chromosomes) replicated between gap phases
- Name the activity of the last phase of Interphase G2.
- Spindle apparatus formed
- What are the 4 stages of Mitosis?
-
1.Prophase
2.Metaphase
3.Anaphase
4.Telephase - Name the 3 functions of Mitosis
-
1. Asexual (clones); prokaryote fission reproduction
2. Growth
3. Cell replacement - If an organism has 16 chromosomes, how many chromatids does it have in a cell that is just beginning to divide?
- 32
- Spindle apparatus forms in and becomes visable in__________
- Prophase
- Spindle apparatus functions to pull apart____________
- chromosomes
- Spindle apparatus in composed of___________
- Microtubles (tublin)
- Spindle apparatus is not a permanent __________ structure.
- Cell
- The kinetochore is the place on the _________ where the spindle fibers attach.
- centomere
- In the 2-way pulling theory, chromosoms move as _____________ shorten.
- microtubles
- cancer is ________________
- unchecked mitosis
- The spread of cancer cells beyond their original state is called
- metastasis
- Cytokinesis is the distribution of cytoplasm to_________ cells.
- daughter
- Cytokinesis is called__________ in animals
- cleavage
- Cytokinesis is called ___________ in plants
- cell plate formation
- The cell plate is composed of ___________ and ___________
- The cell plate is composed of microtubles and cellulose
- Name the key features of the prophase of mitosis.
-
1. Nuclear membrane brakes down
2. Chromosomes appear
3. Spindles appear and attach to chromosomes - Name the key feature of the Metaphase of mitosis
- Chromosomes line up at equator
- Name the key feature of the anaphase of mitosis.
- Chromatids pull apart and move to poles
- Name the key feature of the telophase of mitosis.
- Chromosomes reach poles
- What is the dominate reproductive strategy among eukaryotes?
- Sexual reproduction
- Sexual reproduction, unlike asexual reproduction, results in new combinations of________________
- genetic traits
- Asexual daughter cells are __________ of each other and the parent.
- identical (clones)
- Homologous chromosomes come in_______ have___________ for the same trait and may exhchange parts in__________.
- Homologous chromosomes come in PAIRS have ALLELES for the same trait and may exchange parts in CROSSING OVER (Prophase I of Meiosis)
- Different or alternative forms of the same gene are called________
- alleles
- In what 2 stages of Meiosis do you find condensation of chromatin chromosomes?
- Prophase I and Prophase II
- Define Tetrad
- Pairs of homologous chromosomes; 2 duplicated chromosomes (has 4 chromatids)
- Define Synapsis
- chromosomes get together
- Define Crossing-over
- non-sister chromatids exchange parts
- Define Chiasmata or chiasma
- evidence of crossing-over
- In what stage of meiosis is there tetrad formation?
- Prophase I
- In what stage of meiosis is there crossing-over
- Prophase I
- In what stage of meiosis is there synapsis
- Prophase I
- In what stage of meisosis is there chromatids separate
- Prophase II
- In what stage of meiosis is there chiasmata
- Prophase I
-
The 'main event' of Meiosis I is (pick one)
1. Non-sister chromatids exchange parts
2. Sister chromatids separate
3. Homologous chromosomes separate - Non-sister chromatids exchange parts
-
The 'main event' of meiosis II is (pick one)
1. Non-sister chromatids exchange parts
2. Sister chromatids seperate
3. Homologous chromosomes separate - Sister chromatids seperate
-
Genetic variation in Meiosis is (fill in the blank)
Crossing-over in _____________
Random orientation of homologous chromosomes in______________
Random_______________ of egg and sperm. -
Crossing-over in PROPHASE I
Random orientation of homologous chromosomes in METAPHASE I
Random FERTILIZATION of egg and sperm - Another name for 'half the number of chromosomes"
- haploid
- Another name for "full set of chromsomes"
- diploid
- Name the cell division process where identical daughter cells are produced.
- Mitosis
- Name the cell division process where crossing-over occur
- Meiosis
- Name the cell devision process where random selection of polar bodies occur
- meiosis
- Define gametogenesis in animals.
- formation of sex cells (eggs, sperm)
- Define fertilization
- union of egg and sperm
- Define zygote
- new individula (diploid) result of fertilization
- Where in animal bodies are egg and sperm produced? These organs are called__________
- gonads
-
Which will not develope into a gamete?
1.Primary speratocyte
2.Spermatid
3.Oocyte
4.Polar body - Polar body wil not develope into a gamete
- What will a primary spermatocyte develope into?
- secondary spermatocyte
- What will a spermatid develope into?
- spermatozoa (sperm)
- What will a Oocyte develope into?
- Ova (mature egg)
- What is a karyotype?
- Photographic inventory of an individual's chromosomes