Anatomy&Physiology Unit1
Terms
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- abdominal cavity
- superior part of the abdominopelvic cavity including STOMACH, LIVER, INTESTINES, AND OTHER ORGANS
- proteins
- essential for building cell structures
- effector
- provides the means for the control center's response(output) to the stimulus; travels along the efferent pathway
- spinal cavity
- extends from the cranial cavity to the end of the vertebral column; contains the spinal cord and is protected by the vertebrae
- nutrients
- food , contain the chemicals used for energy and cell building
- anatomy
- study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts
- iliac regions
- INGUINAL, located lateral to the hypogastric region
- vitamins and minerals
- required for chemical reactions that go on in cells and for oxygen transport in the blood
- maintaining boundaries
- separation of the "inside" from the "outside"
- hierarchy of structural organization
- another name for levels of structural organization
- parasagittal section
- when the cut is made along the same axis but it does not give you exactly left and right halves
- stimuli
- changes in homeostasis
- homeostasis
- the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outsde world is continuously changing; indicates a steady state of equilibrium, or a balance in which internal conditions change and vary, but always within relatively narrow limits; when an organisms' nees are being adequately met and it is functioning smoothly, healthy
- growth
- an increase in size, usually accomplished by an increase in the number of cells
- ventral body cavity
- larger cavity composing the anterior view of the human body
- oxygen
- required by all the chemical reactions that release enery from foods; makes up 20% of the air and makes it available to the blood and body cells by the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
- organ level
- structures, composed of two or more tissue types, that perform a specific function for the body(organs)
- organ system level
- system level, a group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose
- excretion
- the process of removing excreta or wastes from the body
- metabolism
- broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells
- irritability
- another name for responsivess
- anatomical position
- standard body position
- carbohydrates
- major energy-providing fuel for body cells
- chemical level
- simplest level of the strutural ladder(molecular level)
- tissue level
- groups of similar cells that have a common function(tissues)
- dorsal body cavity
- cavity composing the posterior view of the human body
- responsiveness
- the ability to sense changes(stimuli) in the environment and then to respond to them
- cellular level
- the smallest units of all living things; basic structural and functional units of life
- negative feedback mechanism
- the net effect of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity, most common
- lumbar regions
- located lateral to the umbilical region LOIN
- transverse section
- when the cut is made along a horizontal plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts; horizontal section; provides a cross section at any point of the body
- molecules
- combinations of atoms
- umbilical region
- the centermost region, deep to and surrounding the umbilicus,naval
- water
- accounts for 60-80% of body weight; accounts for the single most abundant chemical substance in the body and provides the fluid base for body secretions and excretions
- epigastric region
- located superioir to the umbilical region
- midsagittal section
- median section, when the cut is made so that the right and left halves of the body are equal in size
- abdominopelvic cavity
- inferior subdivision
- pleural cavity
- lateral body cavity that houses the lungs
- structure determins function
- the parts of the body form a well-organized unit and each of those parts has a job to do to make the body operate as a whole
- movement
- includes all activities promoted by the muscular system
- cranial cavity
- the space within the bony skull; contains the brain
- physiology
- the study of how the body and its parts work or function;
- body temperature
- must be maintained at 37 degrees Celsius or 98.6F
- control center
- determines the set point(level or range)at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the info it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course or action
- organismal level
- organism, group of organ systems that function to form a complete and entire living thing
- equilibrium
- a balance in which internal conditions change and vary
- pericardial cavity
- encloses the heart
- section
- cut made
- atmospheric pressure
- the force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight of air
- positive feedback mechanism
- the net effect of the response to the stimulus is to increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and to push the variable farther; relatively rare in the body
- mediastinal cavity
- located superioir to the heart and between the upper lobes of the lungs
- frontal section
- when the cut is made along the lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts; also called the coronal section
- digestion
- the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbe into the blood for delivery to all body cells
- fats
- cushion body organs and provide reserve fuel
- hypogastric region
- located inferior to the umbilical region
- reproduction
- the production of offspring
- atoms
- tiny building blocks of matter
- plane
- an imaginary line used when the section is made through the body wall or through an organ
- pelvic cavity
- inferior part of the abdominopelvic cavity including the reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and rectum