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Anatomy&Physiology Unit1

Terms

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abdominal cavity
superior part of the abdominopelvic cavity including STOMACH, LIVER, INTESTINES, AND OTHER ORGANS
proteins
essential for building cell structures
effector
provides the means for the control center's response(output) to the stimulus; travels along the efferent pathway
spinal cavity
extends from the cranial cavity to the end of the vertebral column; contains the spinal cord and is protected by the vertebrae
nutrients
food , contain the chemicals used for energy and cell building
anatomy
study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts
iliac regions
INGUINAL, located lateral to the hypogastric region
vitamins and minerals
required for chemical reactions that go on in cells and for oxygen transport in the blood
maintaining boundaries
separation of the "inside" from the "outside"
hierarchy of structural organization
another name for levels of structural organization
parasagittal section
when the cut is made along the same axis but it does not give you exactly left and right halves
stimuli
changes in homeostasis
homeostasis
the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outsde world is continuously changing; indicates a steady state of equilibrium, or a balance in which internal conditions change and vary, but always within relatively narrow limits; when an organisms' nees are being adequately met and it is functioning smoothly, healthy
growth
an increase in size, usually accomplished by an increase in the number of cells
ventral body cavity
larger cavity composing the anterior view of the human body
oxygen
required by all the chemical reactions that release enery from foods; makes up 20% of the air and makes it available to the blood and body cells by the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
organ level
structures, composed of two or more tissue types, that perform a specific function for the body(organs)
organ system level
system level, a group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose
excretion
the process of removing excreta or wastes from the body
metabolism
broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells
irritability
another name for responsivess
anatomical position
standard body position
carbohydrates
major energy-providing fuel for body cells
chemical level
simplest level of the strutural ladder(molecular level)
tissue level
groups of similar cells that have a common function(tissues)
dorsal body cavity
cavity composing the posterior view of the human body
responsiveness
the ability to sense changes(stimuli) in the environment and then to respond to them
cellular level
the smallest units of all living things; basic structural and functional units of life
negative feedback mechanism
the net effect of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity, most common
lumbar regions
located lateral to the umbilical region LOIN
transverse section
when the cut is made along a horizontal plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts; horizontal section; provides a cross section at any point of the body
molecules
combinations of atoms
umbilical region
the centermost region, deep to and surrounding the umbilicus,naval
water
accounts for 60-80% of body weight; accounts for the single most abundant chemical substance in the body and provides the fluid base for body secretions and excretions
epigastric region
located superioir to the umbilical region
midsagittal section
median section, when the cut is made so that the right and left halves of the body are equal in size
abdominopelvic cavity
inferior subdivision
pleural cavity
lateral body cavity that houses the lungs
structure determins function
the parts of the body form a well-organized unit and each of those parts has a job to do to make the body operate as a whole
movement
includes all activities promoted by the muscular system
cranial cavity
the space within the bony skull; contains the brain
physiology
the study of how the body and its parts work or function;
body temperature
must be maintained at 37 degrees Celsius or 98.6F
control center
determines the set point(level or range)at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the info it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course or action
organismal level
organism, group of organ systems that function to form a complete and entire living thing
equilibrium
a balance in which internal conditions change and vary
pericardial cavity
encloses the heart
section
cut made
atmospheric pressure
the force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight of air
positive feedback mechanism
the net effect of the response to the stimulus is to increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and to push the variable farther; relatively rare in the body
mediastinal cavity
located superioir to the heart and between the upper lobes of the lungs
frontal section
when the cut is made along the lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts; also called the coronal section
digestion
the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbe into the blood for delivery to all body cells
fats
cushion body organs and provide reserve fuel
hypogastric region
located inferior to the umbilical region
reproduction
the production of offspring
atoms
tiny building blocks of matter
plane
an imaginary line used when the section is made through the body wall or through an organ
pelvic cavity
inferior part of the abdominopelvic cavity including the reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and rectum

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