Biology Chpt 6-Endomembrane System
Terms
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- resonsible for trafficking protein and metabolic functions
- endomembrane system
- parts of the endomembrane system
- endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles
- no ribosomes, detoxifies cell of poinsons
- smooth ER
- bound with ribosomes makes glycoproteins
- rough ER
- proteins bound with carbs
- glycoproteins
- shipping and transferring center from the ER, sorts materials of cell into transport vesicles
- Golgi Apparatus
- sacs of enzymes that digest macromolecules
- lysosomes
- process of breaking down organelles and cell parts
- autophagy
- process of engulfing other cells thus creating food vacuoles
- phagocytosis
- 3 types of Vacuoles
- food, contractile, central
- formed in phagocytosis
- food vacuole
- pumps excess water out of cell
- contractile vacuole
- holds water and organic compounds
- central vacuole
- 3 main types of energy transfer cells
- peroxisomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts
- inner membrane of mitochondria
- cristae
- both eurkaryotic and prokaryotic cells have them. sites of cellular respiration and generates ATP
- mitochondria
- contain own DNA, made by free ribosomes, not part of endomembrane system
- chloroplasts
- membranous sac inside chloroplasts
- thylakoids
- plasma fluid around thylakoid
- stroma
- specialized metabolic compartments bounded by single membrane, produce hydrogren peroxide and convert to water
- peroxisomes
- network of fibers that give cell its structure, activity, and anchor organelles
- cytoskeleton
- 3 types of structures
- microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
- thickest, made of tubulin proteins, seperate chromosomes during cell division
- microtubules
- made of actin filaments, thinnest
- microfilaments
- made of kerotin
- intermediate filaments
- made up of glycoproteins (collagen, fibronectin) binds to receptor proteins in plasma membrane
- extracellular matrix of animal cell (ECM)
- when neighboring cells communicate with one another
- intercellular junction
- SEM
- scanning electron microscrop-makes 3D image
- TEM
- transmission electron microscrope, whats INSIDE the cell
- Steps of Cell Fractionation
- test tube of cells-blender-centrifuge- more dense organelles to bottom