Exam 3- nursing
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What is the measure of pH?
- It is the measure of the body's H+ ion level in fluid
- Ifthe pH value in the fluid is lower, what does this indicate for the H+ ions?
- The levels are higher
- What is the pH for acidosis?
- <7.35
- What is the pH for alkalosis?
- >7.45
- What are the two main organs involved in the acid/base balance
- Kidneys and Lungs
- What is a buffer?
- a substance capable of binding H+ (acting as a base) or releasing a H+ (acting as an acid)
- What is the difference between an acid and a base?
- An acid releases the H+ ions when dissolved in water and the base binds the H+ ions when dissolved in water
- Increased hydrogen ions in the blood is termed...
- Acidemia
- What is the carbonic acid to bicarbonate ratio?
- 1:20
- Name 3 sources of acids
- fat metabolism yields fatty acids and ketoacids, protein metabolism yields sulfuric acid, anaerobic metabolism yields lactic acid
- Name 3 sources of bicarbonate ions (HCO3)
- Ingestion of bicarbonate (tums), breakdown of carbonic acid, and kidney reabsorption of bicarbonate
- What are the two buffers that maintain homeostasis?
- Chemical and protein buffers
- What are the two ways that the respiratory system maintains homeostasis?
- hyperventilation- blows off excess CO2 hypoventilation- retains CO2
- How does the renal system help maintain homeostasis?
- formation of acids (excretion of acid), formation of ammonium, and movement of bicarbonate
- True or False... The kidneys are a quicker to compensate then the lungs
- False- lungs are fast
- What is the normal range for pH?
- 7.35-7.45
- What is the normal range for PaO2?
- 80-100
- What is the normal range for PaCO2?
- 35-45
- What is the normal range for HCO3?
- 22-26
- Headache, disorientation, lethargy, hypoventilation, hyperkalemia, and shortness of breath are all symptoms of what condition?
- Respiratory Acidosis
- More H+ ions present in ICF then in ECF is alkalosis... true or false
- true
- Headache, disorientation, Kussmaul respirations, and muscle twitching are all symptoms of which condition?
- Metabolic acidosis
- Seizures, Lightheadedness, dizziness, hyperventilation, tingling in extremities, and confusion are all symptoms of what condition?
- respiratory alkalosis
- Restlessness, dysrhythmias, slow respers, confusion, lethargy, and hypokalemia are all symptoms of which condition?
- metabolic alkalosis
- Name 3 causes of respiratory acidosis
- chronic lung disease, inadequate chest expansion, asphyxia, hypoventilation
- Name 3 treatments for respiratory acidosis...
- bronchodilators, supplemental O2, drug therapy, chest PT, removal of foreign body if choking
- Excessive CO2 excretion is Respiratory Acidosis... true or false
- false. It is respiratory alkalosis
- Hyperventilation is one of the causes of respiratory alkalosis.. true or false
- true
- Name one way to treat respiratory alkalosis...
- Rebreath exhaled CO2 (bag), sedative if due to anxiety, fever reduction, and eliminate source of sepsis
- Name 3 causes of metabolic acidosis...
- Diabetes Mellitus, Vomiting/diarrhea, lactic acidosis, renal failure
- A pH of 7.4 in the body reflects a ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid of?
- 20:1
- Which buffer system will respond to an acid/base imbalance from a metabolic disturbance?
- The lungs- compensation
- A pH of 7.55 is acidic or alkaline?
- alkaline
- If the ABG shows a paCO2 of 55 how might the renal system compensate for the acid/base imbalance?
- Retain bicarbonate
- Name one condition the kidneys might have to compensate for..
- Hypoxia
- Interpret this ABG: pH: 7.46 pCO2: 46 HCO3: 29 PO2: 96 O2 sat: 99
- Metabolic Alkalosis with compensation
- Describe a situation in which the respiratory system i sused to compensate for acid/base imbalance.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis