Anatomy and Physiology- LVN -Chapter1
Terms
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Protection/Support/Movement
3 systems -
Skeletal
Integumentary
Muscular -
Nutrition/Fluid Balence
3 systems -
Gastro Intestinal
Urinary
Respiratory -
Circulation
2 systems -
Cardovascular
Lymphatic -
Coordination/Control
2 systems -
Nervous
Endrocrine -
Production of Offspring
1 system - Reproductive
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Integumentary System
(skin)
3 examples -
hair
nails
sweat and oil glands
(production,support,movement) -
Skeletal system
example -
206 bones and joints between them
(production,support,movement) -
Muscular System
3 examples -
attached to bones and produce movement of skeleton
3kinds
skeletal,smooth,cardiac muscle
(production,support,movement) -
Nervous System
3 examples -
brain
spinal cord
nerves
(coordination and control) -
Endocrine System
3 examples -
produces hormones
thyroid
putitary
adrenal
(coordination and control) -
Cardiovascular System
2 examples -
heart
blood vessels
(circulation) -
Lymphatic System
3 examples -
Tonsils
Thymus gland
spleen
(circulation) -
Respiratory System
example -
Lungs and Passages to and from lungs
(nutrition and fluid balence) -
Digestive System
5 examples -
mouth
esophagus
stomach
intestine
liver
pancreas
(nutrition and fluid balence) -
Urinary System
4 examples -
kidneys
bladder
ureters
urethra
(nutrition and fluid balence) -
Reproductive System
example - all exteral sex organs and all related internal structures
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Anatomy
definition - study of body structure.
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Superior
(cranial) -
Above
Higher position -
Anterior
(ventral) - Located toward belly surface or front of the body
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Posterior
(dorsal) - Refer to locations near the back
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Inferior
Directional Terms - below or lower
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Cranial
Directional Terms - closer to head
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Caudal
Directional Terms -
closer to the sacral region of the spinal column
inferior direction -
Medial
Directional Terms - nearer to an imaginary plane that passes through the midline of the body deviding it into left and right.
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Lateral
Directional Terms - further away from midline toward the side
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Proximal
Directional Terms -
nearer to the orgin of the structure
where thumb joins hand -
Distal
Directional Terms -
farther away from the orgin of a structure
tip of thumb -
Frontal Plane
Planes of Division - if cut were made in line with the ears then down the middle of body
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Sagittal
Planes of Division - if cut was made front to back separating into right and left
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Midsagittal
Planes of Division - cut exactly down the midline of the body separating it into equal right and left halves
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Transverse Plane
Planes of Division - cut made horizonal and divide body into superior and inferior parts
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Catabolism
Activity of Metabolism -
Breakdown phase of Metabolism
Broken down into building blocks -
Anabolism
Activity of Metabolism -
Building phase of Metabolism
simple components are built into more complex substances - adenosine triphosphate
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energy currency of the cell
energy obtained from the breakdown of nutrients - Homeostasis
- " Staying the same"
- extracellular
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all body fluids outside of cell
blood-lymph-fluid between cells in tissues - intracellular
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fluid contained within cell
both extra and intra cellular account for 60% of an adults weight - Feedback
- main method for maintaining homeostasis. a control system based on info returing to a source
- Negative Feedback
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feedback system that keeps body conditions within a normal range by reversing any upward or downward shift.
exp. the say sugar is process by a healthy body - Positive Feedback
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Where a given action promotes more of the same
continues until stimulus is removed or an outside force stops cycle
exp. childbirth - Body Cavities
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large spaces that contain organs
two main cavities are dorsal and ventral