Causes of Sectionalism and Westward Expansion
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- Growth industry in New England, textiles
- Industrial growth after teh War of 1812 - The US began to manufacture goods with the aid of factories and machines. New England, rather than the south, emerged as a manufacturing center
- What did Eli Whitney do?
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-1798
-He developed the cotton gin (short for "engine")
-could separate cotton from its seeds
-made cotton profitable crop of great value to the Southern economy
-reinforced importance of slavery in economy of South - Interchangable Parts
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-1799-1800
-Eli Whitney developed a manufacturing system which uses standardized parts which are all identical and thus interchangeable - Jacksonian Revolution of 1828
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When Andrew Jackson was elected president from humble beginnings, people though he could make the American Dream come true.
-first non-aristocrat to be elected president
-elecion was the revolution of the "Common Man" - Age of the Common Man
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-Jackson's presidency was called this
-felt common people should run gov't - democracy based on self-sufficient middle class with ideas formed by liberal education and free press
-all white men could vote, incresed voting rights allowed Jackson to be elected - Spoils System
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-"To the victor go teh spoils" - winner of elcection may do whatever they want with staff
-Jackson made more staff changes than any previous president, firing many peole and replacing them with his own - Cherokee Indian removal, "Trail of Tears"
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-during winter of 1838
-1839, troos under Gen. Winfield Scott evicted them from their homes in GA and moved them to OK Indian country
-many died on the trail
-known as "Trail of Tears" - South opposes protective tariffs (Tariff of Abominations)
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South strongly opposed rotective tarifffs like the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832
-protested by asserting that enforcement of tariffs could be prohibited by individual sales and by refusing to colllect tariff duties - Nullification Crisis, South Carolina Exposition and protest
- -when faced with protective Tariff of 1828, John Calhoun presented theory in that federal tariffs could be declared null and void by inidivual states and refusing to collect tariff duties
- Supreme Court: McCulloch v. Maryland
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-1819
-upheld power of Congress to charter a bank as gov't agency
-denied state power to tax that agency - James K. Polk
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-knwon for promoting Manifest Destiny
-annexd Texas
-fought Mexican American War gaining entire southwest
-threatened war w/ BR which gained US Oregon Territory - Mexcian War: causes
- annexation of Texas, diplomatic ineptness of US/Mexican relations in 1840s and particulary the provocation of US troops on the Rio Grande
- Mexican War: results
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-US captured Mexico City
-Zachary Taylor elected president
-Santa Ana abdicated
-Mexico ceded large parts of the West, including New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, adn California to the US - Mexican Cession
- Some of Mexico's terriory was added to US after mecian War: AZ, NM, CA, Utah, CO (Treaty of Gudalupe Hidalgo)
- Gadsden Purchase
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1835 - treaty would provide for purchase of terriorty thorugh which state lines ran, along which US hoped to also eventually build a southern continental railroad.
-makes up southern parts of Arizona and NM. - Cyrus McCormick, mechanical reaper
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-built reaping machine in 1831
-part of industrial revolution
-allowed farmers to substantially increase acreage that could be worked by a single family, made corporate farming possible - Robert Fulton, steamships
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-designed 1st steamboat, te Clermont in 1807
-also built the Nautilus, first practical submarine - Abolitionism
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-roots in North 1700s
-major issue in 1830s
-dominated politics after 1840
-Congress became battleground between pro and anti-slavery forces from the 1830s the Civil War - Sectionalism
- different parts of country developing unique and separate cultures
- William Lloyd Garrison
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-(1805-18790
-militant abolitionist
-became editor of Boston Publication, The Liberator (1831) - Nat Turner's Insurrection 1831
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slave uprising
group of 60 slaves led by Nat Turner -believed he was divine instrument sent to free his eople
-killed almost 60 Whites in South Hampton, VA - Frederick Douglass
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(1817-1895) self-educated slave who escaped in 138
-became the best-known abolitionist speaker
-edited anti-slavery weekly, North Star - Compromise of 1850: provisions
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-called for admission of CA (free) organiing utah and New Mexico without restrictions on slavery, adjustment of Texas/New Mexico border, abolition of slave trade in D.C., tougher fugitive slae laws
-passage was hailed as solution to threat of national division - Kansas-Nebraska Act
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1854 - repealed MO Compromise, established doctrine of congressional nonintervention in territories
-popular sovereignty determine slave or free - Birth of Republican party
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coalition of Free Soil party, the Know-Nothing party, and renegade Whigs in 1854
-liberal, anti-slavery