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- Samuel Slater
- British-born textile pioneer in America. He oversaw construction of the nation's first successful water-powered cotton mill (1790-1793).
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- United States suffragist and feminist called for reform of the practices that perpetuated sexual inequality (1815-1902)
- Stephen Foster
- United States songwriter whose songs embody the sentiment of the South before the American Civil War (1826-1864)
- Peter Cartwright
- best known of the Methodist traveling frontier preachers; ill-educated, strong servant of the Lord who spent 50 years traveling from Tennessee to Illinois while calling upon sinners to repent; converted thousands with his bellowing voice and flailing arms; physically knocked out those who tried to break up his meetings
- Robert Fulton
- American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)
- Louis Agassiz
- United States naturalist (born in Switzerland) who studied fossil fish recognized geological evidence that ice ages had occurred in North America (1807-1873)
- Edgar Allan Poe
- American writer known especially for his macabre poems, such as "The Raven" (1845), and short stories, including "The Fall of the House of Usher" (1839).
- Commonwealth v. hunt
- 1842) was a landmark legal decision issued by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on the subject of labor unions. said labor unions were legal as long as there was no violonce involved
- Phineas T. Barnum
- was an American showman who is best remembered for his entertaining hoaxes and for founding the circus that eventually became the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. He was a businessman above all else, his profession was pure entertainment,
- Eli Whitney
- United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825)
- Walt Whitman
- United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)
- Elizabeth Blackwell
- First woman to receive a medical degree in the U.S.
- Horace Mann
- United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859), He became the first secretary of his state to create a board of education in 1837.
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
- United States poet remembered for his long narrative poems (1807-1882), "Paul Revere's Ride"
- Charles G. Finney
- was an American newspaperman, story writer, and fantastical novelist, and part time night club owner, whose full name was Charles Grandison Finney, evidently in honor of the famous evangelist.
- General Incorporation law
- allows corporations to be formed without a charter from the legislature. It also refers to a law enabling a certain type of corporation, such as a railroad, to exercise eminent domain and other special rights without a charter from the legislature.
- James russell Lowell
- succeeded Longfellow at Harvard; one of America's better poets; distinguished essayist, literary critic (eew), editor, and diplomat; remembered as a political satirist
- Joseph Smith
- religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in 1830 (1805-1844), Founder of Mormonism. Brigham Young became the leader after Smith died
- Brigham Young
- United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith
- Cult of Domesticity
- the ideal woman was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband, social customs that restricted women to caring for the house
- Samuel Morse
- United States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code (1791-1872)
- Robert Owen
- Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858), he believed that no one was "responsible for his will and his own actions" because "his whole character is formed independently of himself."
- King Cotton
- slaves were mainly in the south on cotton plant. the more dense the slave pop. the cotton was maily grown there, nickname for cotton
- American Temperance Society
- organization formed at Boston in 1826; (about a thousand local similar groups sprang up within a few year); implored drinkers to sign the temperance pledge and organized children's clubs known as the "Cold Water Army"; made use of pictures, pamphlets, and lectures
- Margaret Fuller
- She was the first female foreign correspondent and wrote for Greeley's New York Tribune.
- Dorthea Dix
- 1841/reformer who cared for the mentally ill . school teacher at boston 7 responsible fo 15 states with these hospitols, Reformed mentally ill jails
- Transportaion Revolution
- during the industrial revolution, Winter roads, River navigations, Turnpike Trusts, Canals, and Railways were all added to help the transportaion of goods
- Pony Express
- Service begun in 1860 that used a relay of riders on horses to deliver mail from Missouri to California in 10 days.
- Interchangeable parts
- identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufactoring
- Susan B. Anthony
- leader of woman suffrage movement, who helped to define the movement's goals and beliefs and to lead its actions
- lowell system
- dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in return for cheap labor, mill towns, homes for workers to live in around the mills
- clipper ships
- Fast sailing ship of the mid-1800's, first on was the rainbow, had mast and huge sails, Very fast and America won large share of the worlds sea trade in the 1840s and 50s from this
- Henry David Thoreau
- American writer. A seminal figure in the history of American thought, he spent much of his life in Concord, Massachusetts, where he became associated with the New England transcendentalists and lived for two years on the shore of Walden Pond (1845-1847). His works include "Civil Disobedience" (1849) and Walden (1854)., Walden & "Civil Disobedience"
- Herman Melville
- American writer whose experiences at sea provided the factual basis of Moby-Dick (1851), considered among the greatest American novels
- Catharine Beecher
- was a noted educator, renowned for her forthright opinions on women's education as well as her vehement support of the many benefits of the incorporation of a kindergarten into children's education.
- Nativism
- The assumption that a person's characteristics are largely inborn. Also known as the nature perspective., Preference for native born Americans and a hatred of immigrants
- Cotton Gin
- machine that produced a more efficient way to get the seeds out of cotton, and expanded southern development
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)
- Industrial Revolution
- the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation, During this rapid period of industrial growth more and more countries adopted mess production. Handmade goods were quickly replaced by machine-made goods. Factory laborers replaced craftsmen and home production
- Oliver Wendell Holmes
- (SR), prominent poet, essayist, novelist, lecturer, and wit who taught anatomy at Harvard Medical School; nonconformist and conversationalist; among a group of literary lights who regarded Boston as the "hub of the universe"; died at the age of 85, the last among his distinguished contemporaries
- Noah Webster
- a Yale-educated Connecticut Yankee; the "Schoolmaster of the Republic" who designed "reading lessons" that educated millions of children and were partly designed to increase patriotism; spent 20 years creating a dictionary, which was published in 1828 and helped standardize English
- Tammany Hall
- a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism
- DeWitt Clinton
- American politician who as governor of New York (1817-1823 and 1825-1828) was a principal supporter of the Erie Canal (completed 1825).
- Molly Maguires
- the name commonly applied to members of a secret organization that originated in Ireland
- Alexis De Tocqueville
- He wrote a two-volume Democracy in America that contained insights and pinpointed the general equality among people. He wrote that inequalities were less visible in America than France.
- William McGuffey
- was an American professor and college president who is best known for writing the McGuffey Readers, one of the nation's first and mostly widely used series of textbooks. It is estimated that at least 120 million copies of McGuffey Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary.
- Washington Irving
- American writer remembered for the stories "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," contained in The Sketch Book (1819-1820).
- Louisa May Alcott
- American writer and reformer best known for her largely autobiographical novel Little Women (1868-1869).
- Ancient Order of Hibernians
- Semisecret Irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in American.
- Lucretia Mott
- Leader in the abolitionist and women's rights movements.
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- United States writer of novels and short stories mostly on moral themes (1804-1864), Romanticism--Dark Romanticism: Scarlet Letter; the Minister's Black Veil; Dark Romantic
- The Order Of The Star Spangled Banner
- The Order of the Star Spangled Banner (OSSB) was an oath-bound secret society in New York City. It was created in 1849 by Charles Allen to protest the rise of Irish, Catholic, and German immigration into the United States.
- Cyrus McCormick
- United States inventor and manufacturer of a mechanical harvester (1809-1884), inventor of the mechanical reaper
- Emma Willard
- in 1821 founded Troy Female Seminary in New York which was a model for girls' schools everywhere
- James Fenimore Cooper
- United States novelist noted for his stories of American Indians and the frontier life (1789-1851)
- Francis Parkman
- historian with defective eyes that forced him to write in darkness with the aid of a guiding machine; chronicled the struggle between France and England in colonial times for mastery of North America
- John James Audubon
- United States ornithologist and artist (born in Haiti) noted for his paintings of birds of America (1785-1851)