mid term
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- 10% plan
- Under Lincoln's ____ plan, a minority of voters, 10% of those who had cast ballots for the election of 1860, would have to take an oath of allegiance to the Union & accept emancipation. They then could create a loyal state government.
- thaddeus stevens
- one of the leaders of the radical republicans
- constitutional union party
- In 1860 former Whigs who joined the Know-Nothings, who opposed Lincoln and Douglas, started a new party and nominated John Bell who was opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Lecompton constitution.
- draft riots
- reaction to the enrollment act; also a racist reaction by some
- 14th amendment
- Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
- harriet beecher stowe
- United States writer of a novel about slavery that advanced the abolitionists' cause (1811-1896)
- tenure of office act
- Makes it illegal for president to replace officers who have been confirmed by Congress without Congressional approval
- ostend manifesto
- In 1854 the American ambassadors to GB, France, and Spain met in Belgium and issued this which said that the US would get Cuba by any means necessary. Realizing that the North was mad, Pierce denied the manifesto.
- black codes
- understood laws against blacks not written in books
- transportation revolution
- Began with the improvements in road construction and expansion of canal systems.
- pottawatomie creek massacre
- In reaction to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces, John Brown and a band of abolitionist settlers killed five pro-slavery settlers north of Pottawatomie Creek in Franklin County, Kansas
- copperheads
- Democrats who opposed the civil war
- american party
- a former political party in the United States active in the 1850s to keep power out of the hands of immigrants and Roman Catholics
- freeport doctrine
- Idea authored by Stephen Douglas that claimed slavery could only exist when popular sovereignty said so
- dred scott
- A supreme court Ruling that a slave taken into a free state was not free
- john wilkes booth
- United States actor and assassin of President Lincoln (1838-1865)
- samuel morse
- United States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code (1791-1872)
- harper's ferry
- Location of federal arsenal that John Brown raided to get guns to arm slaves
- thomas jackson
- general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)
- ulysses s grant
- Union military commander who won victories when others had failed and defeated Lee
- charles sumner
- Radical Republican against the slave power who insults Andrew Butler and subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks
- clement vallandigham
- was an Ohio unionist of the Copperhead faction of anti-war, pro-Confederate Democrats during the American Civil War.
- cotton gin
- machine that produced a more efficient way to get the seeds out of cotton, and expanded southern development
- ex parte milligan
- Habeas Corpus
- sewards folly
- the purchase of alaska which was mockingly called _____ ice box
- force acts
- the government banned the use of terror, force or bribery to prevent someone from voting because of their race. Other laws banned the KKK entirely and brought forth military help to enforce these laws.
- james buchanan
- Antebellum president who claimed that secession was illegal but going to war was also illegal, indecisive
- seward
- United States politician who as secretary of state in 1867 arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia (known at the time as Seward's Folly) (1801-1872)
- trent affair
- Foreign event involving Union seizure of British ship with Confederate diplomats.
- ku klux klan
- a secret society of white Southerners in the United States
- 15th amendment
- citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
- panic of 1857
- Economic downturn caused by overspeculation of western lands, railroads, gold in California, grain. Mostly affected northerners, who called for higher tariffs and free homesteads
- new england immigrant aid society
- 1854 was created to pay antislave settlers to go into Kansas, so when the state voted on whether or not to allow slavery the vote would be on the antislave side.
- bleeding kansas
- Nickname given to the Kansas Terrietory because of the bloody violence there
- wade davis bill
- bill passed by congress and vetoed by president lincoln that would have given congress control of reconstruction
- napoleon III
- Emp of FR who sent armies to MX City in 1863 while US was busy w/ Civil War (violated Monroe Doctrine)
- uncle tom's cabin
- written by harriet beecher stowe
- clara barton
- Nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross
- sharecropping
- the system a wealthy and the smalll to a farmer in
- john crittenden
- In December, 1860 he promoted a last minute compromise to hold the Union together, the Crittenden Compromise. It consisted of six unamendable amendments to the Constitution
- freedman's bureau
- gave blacks education
- 13th amendment
- Abolished institution of slavery, proposed 1/1865, ratified 12/1865
- industrial revolution
- the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in england in the middle 1700's
- george mcclellan
- Union genereal
- southern nationalism
- THe idea that the south would develop into its own country like, its how they became the confederates
- antietam
- September 1862, Union: McClellan, Confederacy: Lee, and 10,000 die in one day.
- robert e lee
- General of the Confederates (South)
- george meade
- Commanded the Union Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg
- robert fulton
- American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)
- charles francis adams
- convinced England to stop making ships for the south during the civil war
- clipper ships
- Fast sailing ship of the mid-1800's, first on was the rainbow, had mast and huge sails, Very fast and America won large share of the worlds sea trade in the 1840s and 50s from this
- Catharine Beecher
- was a noted educator, renowned for her forthright opinions on women's education as well as her vehement support of the many benefits of the incorporation of a kindergarten into children's education.
- molly maguires
- the name commonly applied to members of a secret organization that originated in Ireland
- preston brooks
- Responsible for beating radical republican Charles Sumner with his cane
- ancient order of hibernians
- Semisecret Irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in American.
- bull run
- 1st real battle, Confederate victory, Washingtonian spectators gather to watch battle, Gen. Jackson stands as Stonewall and turns tide of battle in favor of Confederates, realization that war is not going to be quick and easy for either side
- samuel slater
- sailed to the U.S. under a false name to give Americans the secret of Britain's textile machines
- republicans
- jeffersons plitical party and ancestors of todays democratic party
- cult of domesticity
- the ideal woman was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband, social customs that restricted women to caring for the house
- laird rams
- Two Confederate warships being constructed in GB that were designed to destroy Union wood ships that were blockading the So.
- self-determination
- the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will
- pony express
- Service begun in 1860 that used a relay of riders on horses to deliver mail from Missouri to California in 10 days.
- salmon chase
- Overambitious Secretary of the Treasury who had a faction vying for his succession of Lincoln
- tammany hall
- a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism
- jefferson davis
- an American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865
- carpet baggers
- Northeners who went to the South during Reconstruction to work
- Eli whitney
- cotton gin and interchangeable parts
- interchangeable parts
- identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufactoring
- nativism
- a policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones
- Lowell system
- dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in return for cheap labor, mill towns, homes for workers to live in around the mills
- edwin stanton
- Popular Secretary of War who is fired by Johnson and leads to Johnson's impeachment
- george pickett
- ordered pickett's charge
- lecompton constitution
- pro-slavery government in Kansas constitution
- emancipation proclomation
- Issued by Abraham Lincoln on Sept. 22, 1862 - declared all slaves in rebellious Confederate states would be free.
- union party
- The Republicans cleverly united w/ War Democrats to create this party, temporarily passing the Repub. Party out of existence
- alabama
- High-tech ship the confederates purchased from Britain
- john brown
- An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory
- DeWitt Clinton
- American politician who as governor of New York (1817-1823 and 1825-1828) was a principal supporter of the Erie Canal (completed 1825).
- merrimack and monitor
- was a naval battle of the American Civil War, famous for being the first fight between two ironclads
- abraham lincoln
- helped preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederacy; an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery
- andrew johnson
- 17th U.S. President. 1865-1869. Democratic National Union
- general incorporation law
- allows corporations to be formed without a charter from the legislature. It also refers to a law enabling a certain type of corporation, such as a railroad, to exercise eminent domain and other special rights without a charter from the legislature.
- john bell
- In 1860, he was among a group of Presidential candidates defeated by Abraham Lincoln in a bitterly divided election that helped spark the American Civil War.
- kansas nebraska act
- This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were proslavery and antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act. This began guerrilla warfare.
- impending crisis of the south
- book written by Hinton Rowan Helper in 1857, condemns the institution of slavery
- lincoln douglas debates
- 1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate
- scalawags
- southern whites who supported republican policy throught reconstruction