Career Development
Terms
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- Robert Hoppock
- to make an accurate career decision you must know your personal needs and then find an occupation that meets a high percentage of needs
- Self-Directed Search (SDS)
- based on the work of John Holland & yields scores on his six types; self-administered; self-scored and self-interpreted
- APGA
- American Personnel and Guidance Association
- Krumboltz Model
- social learning approach to career choice (behavioristic model of career development)
- Brill
- drew upon psychoanalytic doctrine
- Self-Efficacy Theory
- based on the work of Albert Bandura
- Support for Roe's Theory
- Rorschach and TAT (projective test)
- Predictive System
- Concerned with probable alternatives, acrtions, and possibilites
- Bordin
- emphasize the unconscious processes in terms of career choice; felt that difficulties related to job choice are indicative of neurotic symptoms
- Personality Orientations (Holland)
- corresponds to the work environment (RIASEC) Realistic; Investigative; Artistic; Social; Enterprising; Coventional
- Decision System
- provides rules and criteria for evaluatin the outcome
- Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma
- Developmental theorist (view career choice as an ongoing process rather than single decision made at one point)
- Fields
- service,business, business contract, organizaitons, technology, outdoor, science, general culture, and arts/entertainment
- Trait & Factor (actuarial or matching) approach
- attempts to match the worker traits with the requirements of the job; usually relies on psychometric information; associated with the work of Parsons & Williamson
- Super's Theory
- self-concept; life career rainbow; person can play a number of potential roles as he advance through the five stages; the roles are played out in the "theaters of home, community, school, and work;
- SIGI Plus
- Computer career program known as the System of Interactive Guidance and Information that allows stidnets to conduct a self-assessment and explore career options
- Linda Gottfredson's Developmental Theory of Career
- Focuses on circumscription and compromise - People do restrict choices when people do compromise in regard to picking a job; they will sacrifice the field of work before they sacrifice sextype or prestige
- Ann Roe
- Personality approach (job satisfies an unconsious need) career choice is influenced by genetics, parent-child interaction, unconscious motivators, current needs, interest, education, and intelligence
- DOT (replaced by the O-NET)
- Dictionary of occupational titles (each job has a nine digit code);
- Guide for Occupation Exploration
- (groups of jobs listed in 14 interest areas) Help job seekers "explore" jobs that are slanted toward a given interests
- SIGI Plus, Choices, and Discover
- Computer Assisted Career Guidance Systems (CACG)
- John Holland
- Self-Directed Search (SDS) to measure the six personality types- most popular approach to career choice; Individuals cycle and recycle through the developmental stages of growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline.
- Crites - Career Maturity
- Successful completion of developmental tasks through vocational life stages
- Fields & levels (Roe)
- utilize a two-dimensionsal system of occupational classification utilizing (fields & levels)
- Strong Interest Inventory (SCII)
- based on John Holland theory (a person who is interested in a given subject will experience satisfaction in a job in which those working in the occupation have similar interests)
- Occupation Outlook Handbook
- provides an index of job titles by SOC/DOT codes and is published every two years by the U.S. Department of Labor is the
- Super Life Stages
- Five life stages (1- Growth); (2-Exploration 15-24); (3-Establishment 24-44); (4-Maintenance 44-64); (5-Decline 65+) GEE MD
- Schlossberg
- focused heavily on adult career development (five noteworthy factors) Behavior in adult years is primarily determined by social factors rather biological factors; behavior can either be a functionof one's life stage or one's age at othe times; sex differences are more powerful than age or stage differences; adults continually experience transisition which require adaptation & self-assessment; identity, intimacy, and geberativity are recurring themes in adulthood
- Henry Murray
- created the needs press theory (the occupation is used to meet a person's needs)
- Gelatt Decision Model
- Refers to info as the "fuel of the decision" The Gelatt Model asserts that information can be organzied into three systems: Predictive; Value: Decision
- Donald Super tasks of career development
- Crystallization, Specification, Implementation, Stabilization, Consolidation.
- Levels
- Professional & managerial 1, professional amd managerial 2; semiprofessional/small business, skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled
- Personality (Structural) Theorist
- Roe, Brill, Holland
- Ginzberg & Associates
- three designated stages of career development (fantasy, tentative, realistic)
- Developmental Therorist
- view career choice as an ongoing process rather than a single decision made at one point in time
- Tiedman & O'Hara
- Decision-Making Theory (refers to periods of anticipation of and implementation/adjustment; Anticipation stage the individual imagines himself in a given career; Implementation phases (person engages in reality testing regarding his expectations concerning the occupation