Ecology Final 2
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- A.G. Tansley
- coined the term ecosystem, which acknowledges the inseparable link between biological environment (the community) and the physical environment
- Relationship between NPP and latitude
- NPP decreases towards the poles
- Relationship between NPP and precipitation
- NPP increases with precipitation
- Relationship between NPP and Temperature
- NPP decreases with temperature
- Relationship between NPP and actual evapotranspiration
- NPP increases with evapotranspiration
- Relationship between NPP and nutrient availability
- NPP increases with nutrient availability
- Zone of Primary Production
- Terrestrial: canopy Aquatic: photic zone/surface water
- Biogeochemical cycle components
- Input, Internal Cycle, Output
- Types of biogeochemical cycles
- Gaseous Sedimentary
- Describe Carbon Cycle
- 1) Co2 in the atmosphere is taken in by plants 2) photosynthesis occurs 3) bacteria decompose dead matter 4) respiration from bacteria release CO2 5) Process starts over
- Anthropogenic influence on carbon cycle
- It increases ever year from emissions
- Describe Nitrogen Cycle
- 1) Fixation: gaseous phase converted into usable form by bacteria and cyanobacteria and legumes 2) Ammonification/Mineralization: DOM brakes down to amino acids 3) Nitrification: ammonia is oxidized to nitrate and nitirite 4) Denitrification: nitrates are reduced to gaseous nitrgoen by certain organixsms to obtain oxygen
- Phosphorous cycle
- soil weathering is primary source
- Open Cycle
- Inputs and outputs dominate nutrient movement through the system Ex: nitrogen and phosphorous
- Closed Cycle
- Internal cycling accounts for the majority of nutrient movement Ex: carbon and water cycles
- Low nutrient inputs and high nutrient stroage is found in:
- cold climates and high latitudes
- High nutrient inputs and low nutrient storage is found in:
- warm climates and low latitudes
- How are biogeochemical systems linked?
- They all involve the constituents of organic matter. Leaf has C, N, & P in it.
- Terrestrial nutrient cycling
- Plant roots collect nutrients from zone of decomposition Plants redraw nutrients from leaves before they drop
- Aquatic cycling in summer and spring
- stratification of thermocline production limited by nutrient concentration
- Aquatic cycling in fall and winter
- more uniform temperatures, resulting in turnover and mixing
- Primary productivity in polar climates
- constant mixing and light limitations lead to highest productivity in summer
- Primary productivity in tropical climates
- constant stratification reduces productivity
- Primary productivity in temperate climates
- seasonal light patterns lead to a spike in primary production in late spring
- What is water limited by?
- Phosphorous
- How is NO3 made?
- microorganisms oxidize ammonium and combine it with O2 to make nitrates
- How is NH4 made?
- Ammonification: the conversion of organic nitrogen to inorganic state of NH4
- What nitrogen mineralization increase after logging?
- 1) increased decomposition and nitrogen mineralization 2) decrease in uptake of nitrogen as compared to prelogging
- After logging, what are the effects of increased radiation and decreased transpiration?
- More radiation = higher soil temperature Less transpiration = more soil moisture
- Effects of burning?
- The increase in irradiance, increases soil temperature, increases mineralization.