1305 Bio Lab Final
Terms
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- The scientific nomenclature of the rat...
- Rattus norvegicus
- Term: toward the upper surface (back)
- dorsal
- Term: toward the lower surface (belly)
- Ventral
- Terms: toward the head
- Anterior and Cranial
- Terms: toward the tail
- Posterior and Caudal
- Term: toward the midline of the body
- Medial
- Term: toward the end of the appendage nearest the body
- Proximal
- Term: away from the midline of the body; toward the side
- Lateral
- Term: toward the end of an appendage farthest away from the body
- Distal
- Term: divides the body into dorsal and ventral
- Frontal Plane
- Term: Plane parallel to the anterior-posterior axis and perpendicular to dorsal-ventral axis
- Frontal Plane
- Term: divides the body into left and right halves
- Sagittal Plane
- Term: a cross secttion
- Transverse
- Term: plane perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis of the body
- Transverse
- Term: plane parallel to the anterior-posterior axis and parallel to the dorsal-ventral axis
- Sagittal
- The six anatomical regions:
- Cranial, Cervical, Pectoral, Thoracic, Abdomen, Pelvic
- The hairy coat.
- Pelage
- The tactile sensors on the face.
- Vibrissae (whiskers)
- Aka nostrils
- nares
- The exposed teeth on the rat:
- Incisors in the subterminal mouth where the upper lip has a cleft
- The translucent membrane that may be drawn across the eyeball for protection.
- nictitating membrane
- The penis can be extended from the prepuce through what hole?
- Prepurtial orifice
- In males urine and sperm are secreted through what hole?
- Urogenital oriface
- What is the buldge of skin surrounding the penis called?
- Prepuce
- What are the five groups of vertebrae?
- Cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(6), sacral(5), caudal(27) CHECK???? on numbers!!!
- What are the names of the two girdles that appendages attatch to to make up the appendicular skeleton?
-
Pectoral girdle (forelegs)
Pelvic girdle (hind legs) - What are the thin muscles that attatch to the skin?
- Cutaneous trunci
- What is the connective tissue that holds the skin to the body?
- fascia
- Which fat is specialized for heat production in the animal is stressed by low temperatures?
- Brown fat
- Muscles attach to bone by what connective tissue?
- tendons
- The end attached to the bone that does not move during contraction.
- origin
- The end of the muscle attached to the bone that moves during a contraction.
- insertion
- Movement caused by the contraction of a muscle is...
- action
- Term: increase the angle of a joint
- extensors
- term: decrease the angle of a joint
- flexors
- term: move an appendage away from the midline of the body
- abductors
- term: move an appendage backward
- retractors
- term: move an appendage forward
- protractors
- term: move an appendage toward the midline of the body
- adductors
- term: rotate the palm or bottom of foot upward
- supinators
- term: rotate the palm or bottom of foot downward
- pronators
- Why is the mouth referred to as subterminal?
- Because it is located at one end of the body
- Which muscle is antagonistic to the biceps brachii?
- Triceps brachii
- Is the biceps brachii and extensor or a flexor?
- flexor
- Is the latissimus dorsi a retractor or a protractor?
- retractor
- Are the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor antagonistic?
- NO: the action of the larger (pectoralis major) assisting in drawing the shoulder forward and rotating the arm inward, and the action of the smaller (pectoralis minor) assisting in drawing the shoulder downward and forward.
- Which dorsal muscle is antagonistic to the pectoralis major?
- Latissimus dorsi
- Which muscle flexes the knee joint and retracts the leg?
- biceps femoris
- Biceps brachii...
-
muscle located on the anterior surface of the humerus
origin: scapula
insertion: radius
action; flexes the lower arm - triceps brachii...
-
on the sides and back of the upper arm
o; humerus and scaupla
i; elbow (olecranon)
a; extends the lower arm - spinotrapezius...
-
lays across the dorsal thoracic region of the rat
o; thoracic vertebrae
i; spine of the scapula
a; moves the scaupla upward and backward - acromiotrapezius...
-
central muscle of the trapezius group
o; cervical vertebrae
i; scapula
a; moves scapula dorsally - latissimus dorsi...
-
posterior to and partially covered by the spinotrapezius
o; thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
i; medial side of the humerus
a; moves the humerus dorsocaudad - external oblique...
-
muscle covers the sides of the abdominal cavity from the hip to the rib cage. its fibers are arranged at right angles to the fibers of the latissimus dorsi
o; lumbodorsal fascia and posterior ribs
i; linea alba and pelvis
a; compresses and retains the viscera and acts with the rectus abdominis to form a flexible ventral and lateral body wall - cutaneous trunci...
-
muscle attaches to the skin on the lateral and dorsal sides of the body
o; under the upper front leg
i; skin
a; moves the skin - biceps femoris...
-
in two bundles; it is located easily on the side of the thigh
o; ischium
i; distal portion of femur and proximal portion of the tibia
a; abducts the thigh and flexes the shank - gastrocnemius...
-
bulk of the calf muscle in the lower leg
o; distal end of femur
i; heel (calcaneus) by means of the tendon of Achilles
a; extends the foot - Name the three salivary glands.
- Sublingual, parotid, and submaxillary