7th Science Vocabulary for Mid-Term
Terms
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- scientific theory
- a wll-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
- hypothesis
- a possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question; must be testable
- electron microscope
- a microscope which uses a beam of electrons instead of light to examine a specimen
- sickle-cell disease
- a genetic disorder in which Hemoglobin is abnormally shaped and can't carry out normal amount of oxygen in blood
- heterozygous
- having two different alleles for a trait
- simple microscope
- a microscope that contains only one lens
- conclusion
- a statement that sums up what you have learned from an experiment
- plant cell
- a cell containing endoplasmic reticulum, a nucleus, Golgi body, a vacuole, a cell wall, a cell membrane, chloroplasts, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes
- sex-linked genes
- genes on the X and Y chromosomes
- protein production
- the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein
- dominant allele
- an allele whos trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
- codominance
- a condition in which neither of the two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive
- genotype
- an orgganism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations
- mutation
- any change that occurs in a gene or chromosome
- down syndrome
- a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
- observation
- a skill that involves the use of one or more of the senses - sight, hearing, touch, smell, and sometimes taste - to gather information and collect data
- diffusion
- the process by which molecule moce from an area in which they are highly concentrated to an area in which they are less concentrated
- prokaryotes
- organisms whose cells lack a nucleus
- Punnett square
- a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
- variable
- any factor that can change in an experiment
- pedigree
- a chart or family tree that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
- hybrid
- an organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait
- lipids
- energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- phenotype
- an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits
- animal cell
- a cell containing ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, a vacuole, a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane, mitochondria, and cytoplasm
- data
- the facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observation
- selective breeding
- the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traitsto serve as parents to the next generation
- microscope
- an instrument that makes small objects look larger
- osmosis
- the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
- compound
- two or more elements that are chemically combined
- passive transport
- the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
- gene
- a segment of DNA on a chromosomethat codes for a specific trait
- interpreting data
- arranging the results you have collcted in an experiment in an organized way
- homozygous
- having two identical alleles for a trait
- eukaryotes
- organisms whose cells contain a nucleus
- cystic fibrosis
- a genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines
- nucleic acid
- a very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life
- multiple alleles
- three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
- chromosome
- a rod-shaped cellular structure made of condensed chromatin; contains DNA, which carries the genetic information that controls inherited characteristics such as eye color and blood type
- compound microscope
- a light microscope that has more than one lens
- controlled experiment
- an experiment in which all of the variables except for one remain the same
- proteins
- large organic molecules mad of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; they are needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions within cells
- elements
- a type of matter in which all the atoms are the same; cannot be broken down into simpler substances
- respiration
- the process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain
- recessive allele
- an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
- selectively permeable
- a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot
- meiosis
- the process that occurs in sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.
- carbohydrates
- energy-rich organic compounds, such as sugars and starches, that are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide the raw materials to make parts of cells
- water
- a molecule mad up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
- hemophilia
- a genetic disorder in which a persons' blood clots very slowly or not at all
- genetic code
- a group of three bases which codes for the attachement of a specific amino acid
- alleles
- the different forms of a gene
- active transport
- the movement of materials through a cell membrane by using energy
- photosynthesis
- the process by which placts and some other organisms capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water
- bacterial cell
- a cell containinga cell wall, cell membrance, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.