APW Chapter 10 Vocab
main vocab words and important people for AP Global chapter 10 test
Terms
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- "Canterbury Tales"
- poetry written in vernacular by Chaucer which blended comedy with Christian themes
- Vikings
- seagoing raiders from Sweden, Denmark, and Norway who disrupted coastal areas of western Europe
- Pope Urban II
- called for first crusade in 1095
- Saint Godric
- 12th century Englishman who participated in urban trade but then became a religious hermit; he felt tension between religion and the state
- William the Conqueror
- Duke of Normandy who invaded England
- Thomas Aquinas
- Italian monk and religious scholar at University of Paris who worked to blend rational knowledge and Christian faith; wrote "Summas"
- Black Death
- plague in 1348
- Gothic
- new style of medieval architecture with soaring church spires and tall arched windows
- parliaments
- bodies representing privledged groups such as the nobles, the church, and urban leaders; became strongest in England
- Hanseatic League
- alliance of cities in northen Germany and southern Scandinavia to encourage trade
- Peter Abelard
- wrote treatise "Yes and No" in 12th century; applied logic to problems of theology and demonstrated logical contradictions with established doctrine
- Charlemagne
- Frankish monarch who established a substancial empire in 800
- Bernard of Clairvaux
- powerful monk who stressed the importance of a mystical union with God and believed reason was dangerous
- Joan of Arc
- woman who inspired victory of France through heroic leadership
- St. Francis of Assisi
- founded Franciscan order
- Benedict of Nursia
- Italian monk who created a set of rules for Western monasteries in the 6th century
- investiture
- practice of the state appointing bishops
- scholasticism
- dominant medieval teaching and philosophical approach; based on the use of logic to solve theological problems; did not encourage new scientific work
- manorialism
- system of economic and political relations between landlords and peasant workers
- Middle Ages
- postclassical period in western Europe that began with the fall of Rome and lasted until 15th century
- Franciscans
- monastic order that devoted life to poverty and service in Europe's bustling cities
- King John
- unpopular English king who was forced to sign the Magna Carta
- Pope Gregory VII
- pope who tried to purify the church and free it from interferance from secular rulers
- feudalism
- relationship among military elites in which greater lords provided protection and aid to lesser lords
- Carolingians
- the royal house of the Franks
- St. Clare of Assisi
- founded women's Franciscan order
- Charles Martel
- founder of Carolingian line who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours
- Magna Carta
- confirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims; limited king by not allowing him to institute new taxes without lord's permission and by not allowing him to appoint bishops without churches' permission
- guilds
- sworn associations of people in the same business or trade in a single city; stressed security, limited membership, regulated apprenticeship, and guaranteed good quality
- Jaques Coeur
- one of Europe's most extraordinary merchants
- troubadours
- courtly poets who wrote hymms to love
- Clovis
- Frankish king/warrior chieftan who converted to Christianity to gain greater prestige over local rivals, giving him dominion over the Franks
- three-field system
- system where 1/3 of a field was left unplanted each year to regain fertility
- moldboard
- better plow made of iron introduced in 9th century