musculoskeletal
Terms
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- inversion
- turning inward
- tinels sign
- lightly percuss the carpal ligament over the median nerve where the palm and wrist meet - numbness, tingling, or pain may indicate carpal tunnel (+)
- muscle strength
- ability to resist an opposing force - compare bilaterally - grade with Lovett scale 0-5 - 5=N
- adduction
- moving toward midline
- hip adduction
- prevent client from bringing legs together against resistance applied to the medial surface of the knees (client is supine with legs extended)
- bone pain
- deep, dull, boring, intense - fractures pain increases with movement - arthritis pain decreases with movement
- PVD
- pain occurs with walking - relieved by rest - hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
- deltoid
- push down client's arm while it is held up and client resists
- PWB
- partial weight bearing - using assistive device such as crutches - ex. weight on ball of foot only
- muscle pain
- crampy
- biceps
- hold client's arm in extension while it is fully extended and client flexes arm
- drop arm test
- raise arm and bring down slowly - maintain slow decent against gravity - weakness or pain = rotator cuff problem (+)
- prayer sign
- put hands together and fingers should meet without any gaps - gaps usually caused by vascular problems, especially with diabetes
- abduction
- moving away from midline
- wrist and finger muscles
- push client's fingers together while client spreads them and resists
- extension
- straightening, increasing the joint angle
- joint stiffness
- stiff after long period of rest - relieved by movement - arthritis
- radiculor pain
- back pain that radiates down leg - may indicate herniated disc
- grip strength
- try to pull crossed index and middle fingers out of client's grasp
- hamstrings
- straighten client's knees while client is supine with knees flexed and resists
- deformity
- congenital vs injury - how does it affect/limit ADL's - assistive devices
- hip abduction
- prevent client from spreading legs apart against resistance applied to the lateral surface of the knees (client is supine with legs extended)
- supination
- palms up
- WBAT
- weight bearing allowed to tolerance
- eversion
- turning outward
- retraction and protracion
- moving backward and forward
- straight leg raise
- raise leg 30-60 degrees - tightness=N - pain=abnormal - evaluates possible lumbar disc injury
- medial epicondyle tenderness
- golfers elbow
- shoulder shrug
- tests resistance and CN XI
- PROM
- passive range of motion - you move it for the patient
- kyphosis
- thoracic spine curves outward (convexity) - posterior curvature
- external rotation
- turning away from midline
- carpal tunnel
- pain, numbness, tenderness along the medial nerve
- quadricips
- flex client's knee while client is supine with knee partially in extension and resists
- ankle and foot muscles
- dorsiflex client's foot while client resists - plantar flex client's foot while client resists
- flexion
- bending, decreasing the joint angle
- triceps
- keep client's arm in flexion while it is flexed and client extends arm
- circumduction
- moving in a circular manner
- phalen's sign
- flex the patient's wrist for about 30 seconds - if this causes pain it may indicate carpal tunnel (+)
- AROM
- active range of motion - patient moves it themselves
- lateral epicondyle tenderness
- tennis elbow
- pronation
- palms down
- hip muscles
- hold down client's leg while it is fully extended and client lifts it off the table (client is supine)
- care of traction
- T- temperature (extremity, infection) R- ropes hang freely A- alignment C- circulation check (5 P's) T- type and location of fracture I- increase fluid intake O- overhead trapeze N- no weights on bed or floor (hanging freely)
- joint pain
- pain felt in/around joint - assess erythmia and edema - commin in arthritis
- internal rotation
- turning toward midline
- NWB
- no weight bearing or non weight bearing - crutches with extremity off the ground totally
- ROM
- range of motion
- lordosis
- spine curves inward (concavity) - anterior curvature