Unit 5 Review
this is for the unit 5 terms
Terms
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- Oliver Cromwell
- was the leader of the british military and ruled England as "Lord Protector" until 1658.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Frenchman; wrote "The Social Contract" and believed that the government should be a democracy.
- Johannes Kepler
- He confirmed the heliocentric theory and showed that planets move in ellipses, not perfect circles
- Charles I
- Ruled England from 1600-1649 and tried to advocate the divine right of kings and to bring more absolutist policies to England and was executed as a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy in 1649.
- John Locke
- Englishman; wrote "Two Treatises of Government" and believed people have three natural rights, life, liberty, and property.
- Charles II
- Was declared ruler of England in 1660 and was aware of his limitations due to parliament.
- Age of Absolutism
- From 1650-1789 when European rulers tried to extend their royal or dynastic control over all aspects of life in the lands they ruled
- Constitutional monarchy
- started in England, it's where a king's power is limited by laws and legislatures.
- English Bill of Rights
- Created in 1689 and was signed by William and Mary, and due to the laws in the English Bill of Rights restricting their power, English Monarchs become Constitutional Monarchs. Showed that parliament had more power than royalty
- Geocentric
- Theory that the Earth is the center of the universe
- Frederick The Great
- Absolute Monarch of Prussia who ruled from 1713-1740 and was known as the "royal drill sargaent". He devoted his life to the Prussian army and made it the most efficient fighting force in Europe. He centralized power of the government and put it under his control.
- English Civil War
- A war between supporters of parliament(Roundheads) and supporters of the king(Cavaliers)
- Heliocentric
- Theory that the sun is the center of the universe
- absolute monarchy
- A ruler with complete power that isn't limited by laws or legislatures and usually is said to have the divine right to rule
- Voltaire
- Frenchman; wrote "Candide" and believed that people should have Freedom of Speech and that there should be a seperation of power between the Church and the State
- Louis XIV
- Absolute Monarch of France who ruled from 1643-1715 and was known as the "sun king". He is famous for saying " I am the state" and moved the capital from Paris to Versailles where he built his palace. He also expanded France's power to other areas of Europe and centralized power
- Age of Reason
- When people started using reason reason to solve and understand problems
- Nicolaus Copernicus
- was the first person to propose the heliocentric theory of a sun-centered universe
- Divine right of kings
- A theory that assumed that God appointed all monarchs to rule on his behalf
- Eugene Delacroix
- French; born in 1798. Well known for his use of color.Thought emotion didn't show reason and prefered to use romance. Used historic themes
- Enlightenment
- When people were impressed with the accomplishments of the Scientific Revolution and became open to new ideas
- Glorious Revolution
- Is known as the "Glorious Revolution" because there was no bloodshed, James II fled England and gave up the throne.
- Montesquieu
- Frenchman; wrote "The Spirit of Laws" and believed the government should be seperated into three branches, the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches.
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Austrian; born in 1756. From a musical family. He was a musical prodigy. Traveled through Europe with his sister. Rebelled against church rules. Used Classical style of music.
- Fallow
- A place where no crops is grown
- Isaac Newton
- Defined the laws of motion and gravity to try and explain the motion of the universe
- Scientific Revolution
- A time, from ca. 1550-1700 when there was a new emphasis on observation and reason in science, rather than a reliance on on traditional knowledge.
- Peter The Great
- Absolute Monarch of Russia and ruled from 1672-1725. He westernized Russia and created its first navy. He also moved the Russian capital to St. Petersburg
- William Harvey
- Refined Vesalius' ideas and showed that the heart was the beginning of the blood's circulation
- William and Mary
- They took the throne after James II fled England and had to sign the Emnglish Bill of Rights to come to power
- Thomas Hobbes
- Englishman; wrote "Leviathan" and believed humanity was naturally evil and that absolute monarchy was best government to keep order
- Scientific Method
- A way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments.
- Galileo Galilei
- He confirmed the heliocentric theory and was the first to make regular observations with a telescope
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- German; born in 1685. From a musical family. Studied music all of his life. brought new music ideas to the church and challenged tradition. Used Baroque style of music
- Miguel de Cervantes
- Wrote "Don Quixote" which is considered the first novel which is about a man who wanders through the countryside thinking that he's a knight