Cells
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Organelles
- separated by a membrane, help to move molecules, create and store energy, store information
- Robert Hooke
- observed cork, saw tiny boxes, called them cells
- Anton Van Leewenhoek
- single-celled organisms
- Theodore Schwann
- all animals are made of cells
- Matthias Schleiden
- all plants are made of cells
- Rudolf Virchow
- cells come from preexisting cells
- Cell Theory
- cells are the basic units of all living things, all living things are made of cells, all cells come from other living cells of the same kind
- Cell Membrane
- the flexible boundary surrounding the cell, regulates movement of materials in and out of cells, semi-permeable or selectively permeable, only certain substances can go through
- Cytoplasm
- watery, jelly-like part of the cell that contains alts, minerals, and cell organelles. also known as protoplasm is location of growth, metabolism, and replication. Contains cell structures
- Genetic Material
- area of the cell where DNA is stored, regulates all cellular activities.
- Ribosomes
- Make proteins for cells, found attached to the rough ER or free in the cytoplasm. Translate genetic codes into proteins
- Prokaryotic
- cell doesnt have true nucleus, have no membrane bound organelles. First cell to evolve, genetic material is naked in the cytoplasm, ribosomes are only organelle
- Eukarytoic
- Nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, membrane bound organelles, tend to be larger.
- Nucleoid
- (pro) area where DNA is found
- ER
- network of continuous sacs studded with ribosomes, manufactures, processes, and transports proteins for export from cell. Moves proteins, continuous with nuclear envelope.
- Lysosome
- single membrane bound structure. contains digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris and nutrients for use by the cell. BREAKDOWN PROTEINS
- Golgi Apparatus
- modifies proteins and lipids made by the ER and prepares them for export from the cell. Exports and modifies proteins
- Mitochondrion
- site of cellular respiration, power house, produce energy
- Nucleus
- control center of cell, separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell, control center
- Nucleolus
- dark-staining structure in the nucleus that plays a role in making ribosomes
- cell wall (plants)
- protects and gives rigidity to plant cells, provides structure, made of cellulose
- chlroplast
- photosynthesis; membrane bound strcture; contains chlorophyll
- vacuole
- plants have large central____that store water and nutrients needed by the cell. help support the shape of the cell. storage
- cell membrane
- regulates movement of materials in and out of cells, semi-permeable or selectively permeable. only certain substances can go through
- phospholipid
- phosphate group phosphorous bonded with oxygen. hydrophillic. 2 fatty acid tails- hydrophobic
- phospholipid bilayer
- are arranged in a double layer, head points out, tails point in
- passive transport
- does not require energy. move with concentration gradient. moves from areas of higher concentrations to areas of lower concentrations. types are diffusion, facilitated diffussion, osmosis
- diffussion
- process by which substances move directly through the cell membrane
- facilitated diffussion
- involves the help of a carrier protein to make a substance from one side of the cell wall to the other
- osmosis
- movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
- hypotonic
- lower concentration of solute higher concentration of water HIPPO:LIKE WATER
- hypertonic
- lower concentration of water higher concentration of solute HYPER PEOPLE: LOSE WATER
- Isotonic
- solute concentration same inside and outside cell
- plasmolysis
- occurs when plant cells are placed in a hypertonic solution. causes the plant cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall. can result in plant death due to water loss. sign is wilted plant
- Active transport
- movement of substances from an area of low concentraion to an area of high concentration. material moves across cell membrane against concentration gradient. cell expends energy.