Ch. 8: Motor Development in Preschool
Terms
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- Activity Level
- the advances in gross motor skills may be related to brain development and myelination of neurons in areas of the brain related to balance and coordination
- 3 Year Olds
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-cannot turn or stop suddenly
can jum 15-24 inches
can ascend a stairway
can hop using an irregular series of jumps w/some variations - 4 Year Olds
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-more effective control ofstopping, starting, and turning
jump 24-33 inches
can descend a stairway, if supported
can hop 4-6 steps on one foot - 5-Year Olds
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-can start, turn and stop effectively in games
can make running jump of 28-36 inches
can desced stairway, alternating feet
hop feet - Gender Differences in Gross Motor Skills
- girls surpass boys in tasks that involve the coordination of thier arms and legs, such as jumping jacks and balancing on one foot at age 5
- Fine Motor Skills
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-involve smaller, more delicate body movements
-using a fork and spoon, cutting with scissors, tying shoelaces, and playing piano
*requires a good deal of practive
*show clear developmental patterns
-Age 5-children can hold and manipulate a thin pencil properly - Handedness
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-a clear preference for the use of one hand over the other
by the age of 7 months, infants seem to favor one hand by grabbing more with it than the other
-90% right handed, 10%left handed
-more boys than girls are left handed - 3 Year Olds and Fine Motor Skills
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cuts paper
pastes using finger
builds bridge withthree blocks
draws circle and plus sign
pours liquid from pitcher without spilling
completes simple jigsaw puzzle - 4 Year Olds & Fine Motor Skills
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folds paper into triangles
prints name
strings beads
copies X
builds bridge with five blocks
pours from various containers
opens and positions clothespins - 5 Year Olds & Fine Motor Skills
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folds paper into halves and quarters
draws triangle, rectangle, circle
uses crayons effectively
creates clay objects
copies letters
copies two short words - ART:THE PICTURE OF DEVELOPMENT
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-art plays an important role in honing fine motor skills
-at the most basic level, the production of art involves practive with tools such as paintbrushes, crayons, etc. As preschoolers learn to manipulate these tools, they gain motor control skills
-also children learn the importance of planning, restraint, and self correction - Age 5
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-children spend more time thinking about and planning the final product
-they are more likely to have a goal in mind when they start out and then evaluate - Howard Gardner
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-the rough, unformed art of preschoolers represents the equivalent of linguistic babbling in infants.
-argues that the random marks that young preschoolers make contain all the building blocks or more sophisticated creations that will be produced later - Other Researches
- -suggest that children's art proceeds through a series of stages-the scribbling stage, the shapestage, the design stage, the pictorial stage, and representational art
- the scribbling stage
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-the end product appears to be random scrawls across a paper
*instead, scribbles can be categorized, consisting of 20 distinct types, such as horizontal lines and zigzags - the shape stage
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-2nd stage
*reached around age 3
is marked by the appearance of shapes such as squares and circles
-children draw shapes of various sorts, as well as X's and plus signs - the design stage
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-the 3rd stage
-characterized by the ability to combine more than one simple shape into a more complex one - Pictorial stage
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-5th stage
*between the ages of 4 and 5
-drawings begin to approximate recognizable objects - representational art
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-the depiction of recognizable real world objects
-may appear to be a substancial advance over previous art, and adults strongly encourage creation