Speech Disfluencies
Terms
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- Short Term Memory
- includes the mental processes that engage, maintain, and inhibit attention.
- Substitutions
- a speech unit is completely changed into a different unit
- Slips of the Tongue
- overt cases of misspeaking which are also clues to the processes of speech production
- Filled pause(um, er, ah)
- Usually found later in the sentence before content words
- Situational Anxiety & Emotional Topics
- Some Social factors that cause disfluencies and errors
- A Freudian Explanation
- areas of high anxiety produce more opportunities for repressed ideas to slip out
- Exchanges
- two speech units swap positions
- Anticipations
- a speech unit is activated too early
- An Example of a Blend
- grizzly + ghastly >>>grastly
- An Example of Substitutions
- rang the doorbell >>>rang the chime
- An Example of Exchanges
- keep a tape>>>teep a cape
- Long Term Memory
- is the repository of all of our knowledge and skills
- An Example of Misderivations
- there's a good likelihood>>> there's a good likeliness
- Perseverations
- a speech unit is activated too late
- An Example of a Blend
- money + funding >>>munding
- Misderivations
- the wrong speech unit is attached to a morpheme
- The fact that slips occur among units of several different sizes
- suggests that speech planning is carried out at several different levels of linguistic analysis
- Blends
- two words are combined to form one word
- Tongue Twisters
- put a heavy demand on the motor planning part of speech production
- An Example of Perseverations
- gave the boy>>>gave the goy
- Memory retrieval failure
- Failure to retrieve a content word from memory leads to extensive pauses (both filled and unfilled) in speech.
- An Example of a Spoonerism
- The Lord is a shoving leopard to his flock
- An Example of Perseverations
- pulled a tantrum>>>pulled a pantrum
- An Example of Exchanges
- with this ring I do wed>>>with this wing I do red
- Corrections are
- Mostly on open class words accompanied by retracing
- Conversational Pressures
- put more demand on STM
- An Example of Anticipations
- cup of coffee >>> cuff of coffee
- Unfilled pauses (hesitations)
- Usually found near the beginning of sentences - before the first content word or at clause junctures
- Malapropisms are an example when
- People make intentional word substitutions, to be funny
- An Example of Substitutions
- the place opens>>>the place closes
- Repeats & false starts
- Usually include closed class words with substantial retracing of the, a , in
- An Example of Misderivations
- intervening node>>>intervenient node
- An Example of Anticipations
- take my bike>>>bake my bike
- Long Term Memory
- includes the mental lexicon as well as many other organized areas of knowledge