Medical Terminology a systems approach ch 6
Terms
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- What is the largest organ in the body?
- skin
- What constitutes the integumentary system?
- hair, nails, glands, breasts, and skin.
- what are the functions of the skin?
- protects against injuries and bacterial invasion, aids in regulation of body temperature, and prevents dehydration.
- what acts as a reservoir for food and water?
- skin
- what works as a sensory receptor and is responsible for the synthesis of vitamin D when exposed to sunlight?
- skin
- what are the 2 layers of skin?
- epidermis and dermis
- what skin layer has no blood or nerve supply?
- epidermis
- what is the outermost layer of skin called?
- epidermis
- what is the skin layer epidermis made up of?
- cells in several strata or sublayers called stratified squamous epithelium.
- what are the most important of the 4 or 5 layers of the epidermis?
- stratum corneum and the stratum germinativum.
- where are new cells formed for skin?
- the basal layer in the stratum germinativum
- what is keratin?
- a waterproof material made of hard protein
- what layer of skin contains keratin?
- the stratum corneum
- what does the waterproofing characteristic of keratin do for the body ?
- it prevents body fluids from evaporating and atmospheric moisture from entering the body.
- where is the dermis or corium ?
- it's the layer of skin laying immediately under the epidermis.
- the dermis is composed of what?
- capillaries, lymphatics, and nerve endings, hair follicles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and sweat glands.
- where is the subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis located?
- under the dermis
- what does the subcutaneous tissue contain ?
- fat or adipose tissue
- what is the function of the subcutaneous tissue?
- connects the skin to underlying organs
- the visible part of the hair is referred to as the ......
- hair shaft
- the part of the hair that is embedded in the dermis is called the ......
- hair root
- the hair follicle is what?
- the root together with it's coverings
- what is the papilla?
- a loop of capillareies enclosed in a covering at the bottom of the hair follicle
- what is responsible for the eventual formation of the hair shaft?
- the cluster of epithelial cells lying over the papilla
- alopecia
- baldness
- what glands in the skin produce secretions ?
-
sudoriferous (sweat) glands
sebaceous (oil) glands - what are small structures that open as pores on the surface of the skin?
- sudoriferous glands
- where are sudoriferous glands found ?
- palms, soles, forehead, and armpits (axillae).
- what are the main functions of the sudoriferous glands?
- cool the body by evaporation, to excrete waste products through the pores of the skin, and to moisten surface cells.
- what secrets sebum ?
- sebaceous glands as the cells disintegrate.
- the function of sebum is ?
- to destroy harmful organisms on the skins surface and thus to prevent infection.
- where are sebaceous glands located?
- the entire body except on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands
- what is the lunula?
- the crescent-shaped white area near the root of the nailbed. this is where new growth occurs
- what is estrogen responsible for?
- the adipose tissue and increased size of the breasts as they reach full maturity
- what forms the lobules that are present in the breast?
- the other ovarian hormone, progesterone
- each breast has approximately how many lobes of glandular tissue?
- 20
- what is responsible for the milk production?
- progesterone
- what are lactiferous ducts?
- they are what the milk comes through and opens at the tip of the raised nipple
- what is the areola?
- a circling of slightly darker skin around the nipple
- aden/o/pathy
- disease of a gland
- adip/oma
- fat tumor
- lip/oid
- resembling fat
- steat/oma
- fat tumor
- onych/o/crypt/osis
- abnormal condition of a nail that is hidden
- sub/cutane/ous
- pertaining to under the skin
- dermat/itis
- inflammation of the skin
- derm/is
- skin
- hidr/aden/oma
- a tumor of the sweat gland
- ichthy/osis
- abnormal condition of dry or scaly skin
- kerat/osis
-
abnormal condition of horny tissue
kerat/
horny tissue, hard, or cornea - lact/ic
- pertaining to milk
- mamm/o/plasty
- surgical repair of the breast
- mast/ectomy
- excision of the breast
- dermat/o/myc/osis
- abnormal condition of a skin fungus
- onych/o/malacia
- a softening of the nail
- ungu/al
- pertaining to the nail
- pil/o/nid/al
- pertaining to a nest in the hair
- trich/o/pathy
- disease of the hair
- scler/osis
- abnormal condition of hardening
- squam/ous
- pertaining to being scaly
- thel/itis
- inflammation of the nipple
- xer/o/derma
- dry skin
- lip/o/cyte
- faty cell
- scler/o/derma
- hardening of the skin
- mamm/o/gram
- record of the breast
- mamm/o/graph
- instrument for recording the breast
- mamm/o/graphy
- process of recording the breast
- dermat/o/logist
- specialist in the study of the skin
- dermat/o/logy
- study of the skin
- dermat/o/ therapy
- treatment of the skin
- epi/derm/is
- above or upon the skin
- hyper/hidr/osis
- abnormal condition of excessive sweat
- hypo/derm/ic
- pertaining to under or below the skin
- cub/cutane/ous
- pertaining to under or below the skin
- what are lesions?
- areas of pathologically altered tissue
- what forms over sores or wounds ?
- scabs (crustations)
- what is excoriation?
- a skin lesion that happens when trauma, chemacles, or burns cause a superficial loss of tissue
- abrasion ?
- a scraping or rubbing away of the epidermal tissue
- what's a contusion ?
- a bruise
- what is a laceration
- a tearing of body tissue
- what does a macule look like and give one example
-
flat, discolored, curcumscribed lesion of any size.
freckle, flat mole, hyperpigmentation - describe a papule and give an example
-
solid elivated lesion, <1cm in diameter
nevus, warts, pimples - give the characteristics and an example of a nodule
-
a palpable circumscribes lesion, larger than a papule, 1-2cm in diameter
Benign or malignant tumor - what are the characteristics and give an example of a wheal
-
Dome-shaped or flat-topped elevated lesion, slightly reddened and often changing in size and shape, usually accompanied by intense itching.
Hives - what are the characteristics and give an example of the vesicle and bulla
-
elevated lesion that contains fluid, a bulla is a vesicle >0.5 cm
Blister, herpes zoster, second-degree burn - give the characteristics and an example of a pustule
-
elevated lesion containing pus that may be sterile or contaminated with bacteria; small abscesses of the skin .
Acne, pustular psoriasis - give the characteristics and an example of a scale
-
excessive dry exfoliation shed from upper layers of skin.
Psoriasis, ichtryosis - give the characteristics and an example of a fissure
-
small cracklike sore or break exposing the dermis; usually red
Athlete's foot, cheilosis - give the characteristics and an example of a ulcer
-
loss of epidermis and dermis within a distinct border
pressure sore, basal cell carcinoma - what is a cicatrix?
- a scar
- keloid is?
- excessive scar or enlarged and thickened scar
- what is a first-degree burn?
-
superficial burn limited to the top layers of the eidermis ...
distinguished with erythema and hypperesthesia - erythema is ?
- a redness of the skin
- hyperesthesia is ?
- extream sensitivity
- what are 2nd degree burns characterized by?
- the formation of fluid-filled blisters (vesicles or bullae)
- in most instances a _______________ wil not result in the formation of scar tissue
- 2nd degree burn
- what are 3rd degree burns ?
- cause complete destruction of the skin tissue and represent the most serious type of burn; it penetrates both the epidermis and the dermis.
- what type of burn usually results in scar formation that can only be altered by a process of skin grafting?
- 3rd degree burns
- dermatoplasty is what ?
- skin grafting
- abdomin/o/pelv/ic
- pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis
- acr/o/megaly
- enlargement of an extremity
- inguin/al
- pertaining to the groin
- lumb/o/dynia
- pain in the loin
- omphal/o/cele
- herniation of the navel
- pelv/i/metry
- measuring the pelvis
- pelv/o/scopy
- visual examination of the pelvis
- neoplasms are what ?
- autonomous growths
- what is the most common type of skin cancer?
- basal cell carcinoma
- what is the most common malignancy of women in the US?
- breast cancer
- squamous cell carcinoma is what ?
- a tumor of the epidermis.
- sun exposure is an important contributing factor for what disease?
- malignant melanoma
- kaposissarcoma
-
aids patients usually have this.
It's an immune disease.
a Flesh tumer